KA2.1 - Producing New Cells Flashcards
What is mitosis used for in multicellular organisms?
Provides new cells for growth and repair.
The purpose of mitosis is to create … new cells that are … identical to the parent cell.
Two … genetically.
Mitosis creates two new cells produced (daughter cells) which are genetically identical to the parent cell.
Before mitosis can begin what must happen?
The DNA of the parent cell is copied exactly by the process of replication.
What is stage 1 of mitosis?
Chromosomes shorten and thicken to become visible. Spindle fibres form in cytoplasm. Nuclear membrane breaks down.
What is stage 2 of mitosis?
Spindle fibres line pairs of chromatids up along equator (middle) of the cell.
What is stage 3 of mitosis?
Spindle fibres pull chromatids apart and chromosomes move to opposite poles (top and bottom of cell).
What is stage 4 of mitosis?
New nuclear membranes form around the two sets of chromosomes. Cytoplasm splits to form two new cells.
Describe the process of mitosis.
Stages of mitosis.
- Chromosomes shorten and thicken to become visible. Spindle fibres form in cytoplasm. Nuclear membrane breaks down.
- Spindle fibres line pairs of chromatids up along equator (middle) of the cell.
- Spindle fibres pull chromatids apart and chromosomes move to opposite poles (top and bottom of cell).
- New nuclear membranes form around the two sets of chromosomes. Cytoplasm splits to form two new cells.
If there are four chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will there be after mitosis?
Four chromosomes.
The number of chromosomes stays the same at the start and end of mitosis.
Stem cells are … cells which can divide in order to …
Unspecialised cells … self-renew.
Stems cells are able to become any cell type and make more of themselves (self-renew)
What are the two properties of stem cells?
Self-renew and differentiation.
Stem cells can make more of themselves or become different types of cell
Stem cells are involved in growth and …
Repair.
