KA2- Proteins

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

Nitrogen-containing compounds with many functions in the human body
Made up of smaller molecules known as amino acids

Question 2

Enzymes

Answer 2

Biological catalysts
Example of proteins
Specific shape of a protein allows it to catalyse a specific reaction

Question 3

Amino acids

Answer 3

Contain an anime group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)

        H       O
        |      // H2N—C—C
        |      \
        R       O—H

Middle H and R can change

Question 4

Making a protein

Answer 4

Several amino acid molecules react together to from a protein molecule
This reaction involves the amine group reacting with the carboxyl group to form an amide link
Water formed when this reaction takes place
Amino acids joined by elimination of water making it condensation reaction

Question 5

Amide link

Answer 5

Peptide link
O H
|| |
C—N
Amino acid reacts with a neighbouring amino acid by reacting an amine group with a carboxyl group forming the amide link

Question 6

Amine group

Answer 6

H2N

Question 7

Carboxyl group

Answer 7

COOH

Question 8

Essential amino acids

Answer 8

Amino acids which the human body cannot make and must be obtained from the diet

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

Once eaten, proteins are broken down by the process of digestion to form the amino acids that make up the protein

Question 10

Amino acids and proteins contain

Answer 10

An N-H bond- allows hydrogen bonding to take place

Question 11

Hydrogen bonding between protein molecules

Answer 11

Allows long protein strands to curl into different shapes

Question 12

Heating a protein

Answer 12

Causes some or all of the hydrogen bonds to break, leading to a change of shape
Happens when an enzyme is heated

Question 13

When enzyme is heated

Answer 13

Causes it to denature