KA1

Question 1

Informed consent

Answer 1

Participants being told nature, purpose and anticipated consequences of any research so that they may give informed consent. Withold info from participants only when necessary to preserve integrity of research.

Question 2

Deception

Answer 2

Withholding information from or intentionally misleading a participant in an experiment.

Question 3

Objectivity in research

Answer 3

When bias does not influence the research.

Question 4

Subjectivity in research

Answer 4

When personal opinions influence research.

Question 5

One cost and one benefit to the participants participating in deceptive research.

Answer 5

Cost: Psychological discomfort
Benefit: Gain knowledge of own behaviour

Question 6

The ethical principle of ‘integrity’ according to the BPS.

Answer 6

Acting with honesty, accuracy, consistency AND truth. HACT

Question 7

Confounding variable.

Answer 7

Uncontrolled extraneous variables that have had an effect on the results.

Question 8

Operational definition of variables

Answer 8

Said in precise terms, how we will measure or manipulate it.

Question 9

Demand characteristic

Answer 9

All cues that participants may receive that indicate purpose of research.

Question 10

Researcher effects

Answer 10

When researcher who knows the aim of the study and expected outcome may struggle to remain objective and may influence results to reflect their expectation.

Question 11

Home Office Guidelines’ 3 R’s (requirements) when using animals in research including definition

Answer 11

Replacement - Animals are replaced with non-animal alternatives if possible
Reduction - Number of animals are replaced to minimum requirement to achieve results sought
Refinement - Procedure refined as much as possible to minimise suffering

Question 12

Independent Variable

Answer 12

Variable which is manipulated by experimenter

Question 13

Dependent Variable

Answer 13

Outcome measured by experimenter

Question 14

Directional hypothesis (one tailed)

Answer 14

Predicts what direction difference/correlation will be.
There will be a significant positive correlation between V1 and V2.

Question 15

Advantage of quantitative data

Answer 15

Easy to analyse therefore allowing objective comparisons between groups

Question 16

Primary data definition and example

Answer 16

Data gathered by researchers themselves using research methods eg experiments, observations etc

Question 17

Secondary data definition and example

Answer 17

Data gathered from already existing sources eg previously published research like case files

Question 18

State and describe the 3 liscences requires by The Animal Act 1986 before animal testing is permitted.

Answer 18

A personal license for each person carrying out procedures
A project licence for the particular programme of research
An establishment license for place at which work is carried out

Question 19

Credibility

Answer 19

Reliability of results achieved

Question 20

Internal validity

Answer 20

The extent to which a test/measurement accurately measures what it’s supposed to