KA 3 Flashcards
Scientific reports should contain?
Explanatory title, an abstract including aims and findings, an introduction explaining the purpose and context of the study including the use of several sources, supporting statements, citations, and references
Background information should be?
Clear, relevant and unambiguous.
A title should provide a?
Succinct explanation of the study.
An abstract should outline?
The aims and findings of the study.
An aim must link the?
Independent and dependent variables.
The introduction should provide any information required to support…
Choices of method, results, and discussion.
An introduction should explain?
Why the study has been carried out and place the study in the context of existing understanding.
Key points should be?
Summarised and supporting and contradictory information identified.
Several sources should be selected to?
Support statements, and citations and references should be in a standard form.
Decisions regarding basic selection of… Should be covered
Study methods and organisms should be covered, as should the aims and hypotheses.
A method section should contain…
Sufficient information to allow another investigator to repeat the work
Experimental design should address?
The intended aim and test the hypothesis
What part of the v experimental design should be evaluated?
Validity and reliability
An experimental design that does not address the intended aim or test the hypothesis is?
Invalid.
Treatment effects should be?
Compared to controls
Any confounding variables should be?
Taken into account or standardised across treatments
The validity of an experiment may be compromised when?
Factors other than the independent variable influence the value of the dependent variable
Selection bias is the? What does this mean about the sample?
Selection of a sample in a non-random way, so that the sample is not representative of the whole population.
Selection bias may have prevented?
A representative sample being selected.
Sample size alone may not be sufficient to decide…
Without bias whether the change to the independent variable has caused an effect in the dependent variable.
In results, data should be presented in a? For…
Clear, logical manner suitable for analysis.
Consideration should be given to the validity of?
Outliers and anomalous results.
Statistical tests are used to determine?
Whether the differences between the means are likely or unlikely to have occurred by chance
A statistically significant result is one that is unlikely to be due to?
Chance alone
Error bars indicate the?
Variability of data around a mean
If the treatment mean differs from the control mean sufficiently for their error bars not to overlap, this indicates that the difference may be?
Significant
Conclusions should refer to the?
Aim, the results and the hypothesis
What part of the experimental design should be taken into account?
Validity and reliability
Consideration should be given as to whether the results can be attributed to?
Correlation or causation
Evaluation of conclusions should also refer to?
Existing knowledge and the results of other investigations
Meaningful scientific discussion would include?
Consideration of findings in the context of existing knowledge and the results of other investigations.
Scientific writing should?
Reveal an awareness of the contribution of scientific research to increase scientific knowledge, and to the social, economic and industrial life of the community
