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Good to know for MCAT > JW C/P Missed questions > Flashcards

JW C/P Missed questions Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What mass of calcium sulfate is required to make a 63 g calcium sulfate dihydrate cast?

A
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2
Q

What is the electron configuration of the molybdenum ion used to create the molybdenum and lysine complex?

A
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3
Q

What is the kinetic product ?

A

A product favored under kinetic control. Under kinetic control, the temperature is low so that activation energy is the limiting factor of product formation.

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4
Q

What is the thermodynamic product?

A

A product favored under thermodynamic control. Under thermodynamic control, there is a higher activation energy requiring a higher temperature.

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5
Q
A

The action potential is moving out of the page

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6
Q

What is the equation of voltage in an electrical field

A

V=Ed
Whereas E is the electrical field
d is the distance

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7
Q

What is used to in the blank solution to calibrate the spectrophotometer?

A

The blank solution is identical to the sample solution minus the molecule which they intend to measure.

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8
Q

What is Beer’s Law and what does it measure?

A

Beer’s law measures absorbance and the formula is
C is the concentration and l is the path length of the curvette used in the spectrophotometer.

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9
Q

Describe a reducing agent.

A

A reducing agent is a chemical that Can add electrons to other molecules and cause that molecule to becomes reduced but in turn is oxidized.

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10
Q

Describe an oxidizing agent.

A

An oxidizing agent is a chemical that gains or accepts electrons and causes that molecule to become oxidized but in turn is reduced.

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What is the speed of light ?

A

It is an constant that is 3 x 10^8.

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13
Q

Describe the formula for wave speed.

A

Wave speed= wavelength x frequency

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14
Q

Describe the common ion effect.

A

Is the decrease in solubility (ability to be dissolved) of a substance through the addition of another substance with a common ion or increase the solubility through the removal of ions making up that substance from solution.

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15
Q

Describe a triple bond.

A

It consists of 1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds

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16
Q

What is the electron configuration of manganese in manganese (II) chloride (MnCl2)?

A

[Ar] 3d^5
It lost 2 electrons to become a 2+ charged ion would require the loss of 2 electrons from the 4s shell.

Always pull from the outer shell.

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17
Q

What is the wavelength of visible light?

A

It ranges from 400nm (violet) to 700 nm (red)

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18
Q

Describe a gamma ray.

A

A gamma ray consists of shorter wavelength, higher frequency, and higher energy.

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19
Q

Describe a radio wave.

A

A radio wave has a longer wavelength, lower frequency, and lower energy.

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20
Q

In SN2 reactions, what are good leaving groups?

A

Weak bases (stronger acids) are better at stabilizing negative charge and are better leaving groups.

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21
Q

What is a strong reducing agent ?

A

LiAlH4 is a stronger reducing agent that have the ability to reduce carboxylic acids and nitrile functional groups.

22
Q

What is a weak reducing agent

A

NaBH4

23
Q

Describe PCC

A

PCC an oxidizing agent that can produce somewhat oxidized functional groups (aldehydes and ketones) rather than more oxidized functional groups (carboxylic acid). A stronger oxidizing agent such as chromic acid would be required to oxidize the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid.

24
Q

Explain why molecular sulfur prefers to form a ring structure.

A

Molecular sulfur (S8) has sulfur atoms connected in a crown shape ring structure. In a ring structure, sulfur would be connected to two other sulfur atoms via single bonds. The sum of two single bonds are stronger than on S=S

25
Q

What is true about S8 compared to S2?

A
26
Q

Elemental sulfur readily forms sulfur dioxide when burned in air. During this reaction, the oxidation state of sulfur:

A

Changes from 0 to +4

27
Q

What is a kinetically stable reactant?

A

A kinetically stable reactant is one that forms very slowly. The more steric hinderance the reactant has, it tends to increase kinetic stability, increasing the activation energy required for the reaction to begin.

Kinetic unstable reactants form products very quickly and has less steric hinderance.

28
Q

How can this reaction be driven to the right?

N2(g)+ O2(g)—-> 2NO(g)

A

By increasing the pressure.
According the Le Chatelier’s Principle, increasing the temperature will shift the reaction to the side with fewer moles. There are 2 fewer moles of gas on the right side.

29
Q

Describe the effect of temperature on solubility?

A

When heated, gases tend to become less soluble and most salts become more soluble. After being cooled, the solubility of gas is increased.

30
Q

What is fractional distillation used for?

A

It is a laboratory technique that is used to separate molecules that have similar boiling points.

Simple distillation is used to separate molecules that have different boiling points.

31
Q

What is the equation of power in regards to circuits?

A

P=RI^2.

The relationship between current and power is exponential.

32
Q

The voltage provided by the power supply in Figure 1 is 12V. The power meter reads 6W. How much current flows in the circuit?

A

P=VI

I= P/V = 6W / 12V = 0.5 A

33
Q
A
34
Q

What is the optical power of the lens used in the apparatus. The focal length is 4cm.

A

Optical power= 1/focal length

4cm= 4x10^-2m= 0.04m
1/0.04m= 25D

35
Q

Describe ferromagnetic material.

A

Ferromagnetic materials are those that strongly respond to magnetic fields and become aligned with the magnetic fields and remain in that orientation even if the external magnetic field disappears.

36
Q

What makes up the atomic mass?

A

Add the amount of protons and neutrons.

37
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The atomic number is the amount of protons.
Isotopes of an element will always have the same atomic number.

38
Q

Phosphorlyation.

A

Phosphorlyation is the reversible addition of a phosphate group to serine, threonine, or tyrosine. When a phosphate group is added, it changes the tertiary shape of the protein by conferring a negative charge, most often activating the protein ( not always the case)

Negatively charged amino acids can mimic phosphorylated S,T, or Y if they are substituted for them via mutations, permanently inducing the effects of phosphorlyation. This is called the phosphorimetic effect.

39
Q

Explain the phosphorimetic effect.

A

Aspactic or glutamic side groups can mimic a phosphorlylated amino acid side group

40
Q

What functional group is this?

A

This is an imine that is commonly found in nucleobases or ring structures that contain carbons and nitrogen.

41
Q

Name the functional group?

A

This is an amide. An amide consists of an amine group next to a carbonyl group.

42
Q

Explain keto- enol tautomerization.

A

Inter conversion between ketone or aldehyde and enol group induced by the movement of hydrogen.

43
Q

What type of acid is used in the hydrolysis of esters?

A

Strong acids such as H2SO4

44
Q

Describe a complex ion.

A

A complex ion is an ion with a metal center w/ a number of other molecules or ions surrounding it, that is charged.
Ex, hexaaquaaluminium (3+)

45
Q

As the pH of a solution decreases from 7 to 5, how will the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution change?

A

As a solutions pH’s decreases by 1, its hydrogen ion concentration increases tenfold (pH=-log [H+]. Ex, -log[100] is -2 while -log[1000] is -3).
As the pH goes from 7 to 6, ion concentration increase by 10 fold then as the pH goes from 6 to 5, the ion increases by another 10 fold making it 100 fold increase.

46
Q

A 1 kg ball is dropped from a height of 20 m. What is the ball’s velocity when it reaches the ground?

A
47
Q

What is the equation used for solve for the energy stored on a capacitor?

A

U=1/2CV^2

48
Q
A

Copper block.

49
Q
A
50
Q

What is the concentration of hydroxide in an aqu

A
50
Q

What is the concentration of hydroxide in an aqueous solution of pH 8.6?

A

4.0 X 10^-6 M

Good to know for MCAT (9 decks)

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