JVP

Question 1

Why Jvp is used to know about Right atrial pressures?

Answer 1

Direct connection of internal jugular vein to RA

No valves

Question 2

a,c,x,v,y waves represents what?

Answer 2

a wave - atrial contraction 
c wave - tricuspid bulging 
x wave - atrial relaxation 
v wave - venous filling 
y wave - atrial emptying

Question 3

Give 2 descent?

Answer 3

A-x descent - atrial relaxation

V-y descent - atrial emptying

Question 4

Which descent/ascent represents venous filling?

Answer 4

Y-a ascent

Question 5

In Which condition a wave will be absent?

Answer 5

Atrial fibrillation

Question 6

2 atrial pathologies which will cause giant a wave?

Answer 6

Tricuspid stenosis

Right atrial myxoma

Question 7

2 ventricular pathologies causing giant a wave?

Answer 7

Pulmonary stenosis

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 8

Give 3 conditions in which you see canon a wave?

Answer 8

Complete heart block
Junctional rhythm
AV association with ventricular tachycardia

Question 9

Which condition can cause reversal of x wave?

Answer 9

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 10

What clinical conditions can convert a negative x wave to positive one?

Answer 10

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 11

Name 3 conditions that can accentuate x wave on JVP graph?

Answer 11

Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Constrictive pericarditis
Cardiac tamponade

Question 12

Increased amplitude of V wave on JVP can can be due to?

Answer 12

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 13

What are the 3 types of abnormalities seen in y wave of JVP?

Answer 13

Early deep y wave
Deep y wave
Slow deep y wave

Question 14

What pathology can lead to early deep y wave on JVP?

Answer 14

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 15

What pathology can lead to deep y wave?

Answer 15

Constrictive pericarditis

Question 16

Name 2pathologies that can lead to slow deep y wave?

Answer 16

Tricuspid stenosis

Right atrial myxoma

Question 17

What are the three type of abnormalities in a-x descent?

Answer 17

Accentuated
Reduced
Reversed

Question 18

What pathologies can lead to accentuated a-x descent on JVP?

Answer 18

Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Constrictive pericarditis
Cardiac tamponade

Question 19

What pathology can lead to reduce a-x descent?

Answer 19

Right ventricular dilation

Question 20

Which pathology can cause reversal of a-x descent?

Answer 20

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 21

What are the abnormalities of v-y descent?

Answer 21

Accentuated-Tricuspid regurgitation and constrictive pericarditis
Reversed- tricuspid stenosis and right atrial myxoma

Question 22

What all abnormalities can be found if patient has tricuspid regurgitation?

Answer 22

Reversed x wave
Increased amplitude of v wave
Early deep y wave
Reversed a-x descent 
Accentuated v-y descent

Question 23

What abnormalities of JVP can be seen if a patient has tricuspid stenosis or right atrial myxoma?

Answer 23

Slow deep y wave

Reduced v-y descents

Question 24

What cardiac conditions can increase JVP?

Answer 24

Rights heart failure 
Tricuspid regurgitation 
Tricuspid stenosis 
Cardiac tamponade 
Constrictive pericarditis

Question 25

What respiratory conditionscan cause increased JVP

Answer 25

COPD

Cor pulmonale

Question 26

Name a condition in which there’s a non pulsatile increase in JVP?

Answer 26

Massive right sided pleural effusion

Question 27

An iatrogenic cause of increased JVP

Answer 27

Excessive volume expanders

Question 28

List all causes of decreased JVP

Answer 28

Hypovolemia
Shock
Adissons disease

Question 29

Conditions in which you have positive hepatojugular reflex?

Answer 29

Incipient right heart failure 
Left heart failure 
Right ventricular infarction 
Right. Ventricular cardiomyopathy 
Constrictive pericarditis