JVP

Question 1

Irregular cannon a Waves in JVP

Answer 1

Contracting atria against a close tricuspid valve
In a complete heart block
Theres no alignment, sometimes can align, sometimes dont

Question 2

Regular cannon a waves in JVP

Answer 2

Atria closed against closed tricuspid valve in regular intervals, in predicted manner

Regular cannon waves in JVP due to

1- ventricular tachycardia (with 1:1 ventricular-atrial conduction)

2- atrio-ventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT)