JVIM 2023 Flashcards
1
Q
True or false: hypofolataemia is an inferior biomarker of CE compared to hypocobalaminaemia
A
TRUE
2
Q
In ‘Association of folate concentrations with clinical signs and laboratory markers of chronic enteropathy in dogs’, what 2 other markers was COBALAMIN concentration correlated with?
A
Albumin
Cholesterol
(and folate)
3
Q
In ‘Association of folate concentrations with clinical signs and laboratory markers of chronic enteropathy in dogs’, what (if any) other markers was FOLATE concentration correlated with?
A
None (except cobalamin)
4
Q
True or false - repeated spec cPLI can identify multiple acquired PSS in dogs after EHPSS attenuation?
A
FALSE
5
Q
True or false - in ‘Prospective evaluation of the efficacy of inhaled steroids administered via the AeroDawg spacing chamber in management of dogs with chronic cough’, out of 36 dogs quite a few did not accept inhaled medication.
A
FALSE - only 1 dog of 36 did not accept it
6
Q
In dogs with airway collapse or inflammatory airway disease, which of the following (if any) improved with inhaled fluticasone use?
a) Cough frequency
b) Cough severity
c) Cough duration
A
All 3 improved
7
Q
True or false - in ‘Prospective evaluation of the efficacy of inhaled steroids administered via the AeroDawg spacing chamber in management of dogs with chronic cough’, the quality of life score improved in dogs being treated.
A
TRUE
8
Q
In ‘Thyroidectomy in dogs with thyroid tumors: Survival analysis in 144 cases (1994-2018)’, what % of dogs had metastasis identified at time of diagnosis?
A
8.3%
9
Q
What 4 factors were associated with death in dogs with thyroid tumours?
A
Metastasis
Thrombosis
Non-follicular carcinoma
Administration of chemotherapy
10
Q
Is pseudomembranous cystitis associated more with male or female cats?
A
Male (100%)
11
Q
True or false: Pseudomembranous cystitis is commonly associated with urethral obstruction
A
TRUE (80%)
12
Q
True or false - in the majority of cats with pseudomembranous cystitis in and mineralization, urine culture was positive
A
FALSE
13
Q
In ‘Outcomes of treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis using parenterally administered remdesivir, with or without transition to orally administered GS-441524’, what & survied to 6 months? What % of cats that survived 48 hours survived to 6 months?
A
86%
96%
14
Q
In ‘Outcomes of treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis using parenterally administered remdesivir, with or without transition to orally administered GS-441524’, of surviving cats what % achieved remission by day 84?
A
56%
15
Q
Which nerves are affected in immune-mediated polyneuropathy in cats?
A
Purely axonal motor
16
Q
What is the prognosis in immune-mediated polyneuropathy in cats?
A
Excellent to good
17
Q
Which of the following, if any, storage conditions may clinically affect UPC measurements in feline urine?
a) out of the fridge for 1 day
b) in the fridge for 7 days
c) fridge for 6 months
A
Only fridge for 6m
18
Q
Which was more common in dogs with carcinoma/sarcoma - intratumoral microthrombi or distant micorthrombi?
A
Intratumoral
19
Q
Which 2 blood result were significantly different in tumor-bearing dogs with microthrombi compared to tumor-bearing dogs without microthrombi?
A
Higher D-dimer
Loer platelets
20
Q
What trace minerals/elements/metals were higher in hair samples in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy?
A
Copper
Zinc
Selenium
Arsenic
21
Q
Potassium bromide therapy is associated with higher hair concentration of which element?
A
Arsenic
22
Q
In ‘Benign ureteral obstruction in cats: Outcome with medical management’, what factor was associated with increased success?
A
Smaller distal uroliths (<1-2 mm) were
23
Q
In ‘Benign ureteral obstruction in cats: Outcome with medical management’, what was the failure rate?
A
57%
24
Q
In ‘Benign ureteral obstruction in cats: Outcome with medical management’, what was median time to a successful outcome?
A
16 days
25
Which cause of ureteral obstruction was associated with lowest success rates with medical management - uroliths, strictures or pyonepritis?
Uroliths
26
Is hyper-lipasaemia common or uncommon in canine AKI?
Common
27
True or false - Hyperlipasemia is associated with AKI severity in dogs
TRUE
28
True or false - In dogs with AKI, hyperlipasemia was usually associated with pancreatitis
FALSE
29
True or false - Hyperlipasemia is associated with mortality in canine AKI
TRUE
30
What breed appears prone to hyperhomocysteinemia? What is the proposed mechanism?
Primary defect in conversion of HCy to methionine in Greyhounds
31
Which of the following (if any) were different between dogs with cardiac and non-cardiac causes of ascites?
a) NT-proBNP
b) GB wall oedema
c) cTnI
d) caudal vena cava distension
NT-proBNP
CVC distension
(both higher in cardiac)
32
In cats, is mucosal fibrosis more common in the duodenum or colon?
Colon
33
What 2 stains (in addition to H+E) can help to identify intestinal fibrosis?
Massons trichrome
Vimentin
34
True or false - in cats with feline IBD, positive fibrosis staining was associated with increased risk of:
a) death
b) disease remission
a) TRUE
b) FALSE (decreased risk of remission)
35
Do dogs with FRE or 'true' IBD have more abnormal proteomes?
IBD
36
True or false - GI microbiome diversity is not significantly reduced in dogs with tumors compared to healthy dogs
FALSE - diversity is decreased in tumours
37
Which microbiome genus had lower abundance in tumour-bearing dogs compared to controls?
Bacteroides
38
Which microbiome genus had lower abundance in aggressive tumor progression in dogs?
Staphylococcus
39
Do dogs with tumours have lower alpha or beta diversity in their GI microbiome?
Alpha
40
What rare differential should be considered in dogs with suspected GI bleeding after a negative conventional endoscopy or surgical exploration? How is it diagnosed?
Angiodysplasia
Video capsule endoscopy appears sensitive for diagnosis
41
True or false - prophylactic omeprazole treatment decreased clinically detectable GI complications in dogs with acute thoracolumbar-IVDE
FALSE
42
Which serum protein was identified with >50-fold increase in abundance in cats with chronic enteropathy compared to healthy cats
Thrombospondin-1
43
True or false - juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis had lower serum cobalamin concentrations than healthy juvenile dogs.
TRUE
44
True or false - juvenile dogs with non-parvoviral viral enteritis had lower serum cobalamin concentrations than healthy juvenile dogs.
TRUE
45
True or false - based on serum MMA concentrations, cellular cobalamin deficiency was apparent in juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis
FALSE
46
True or false - both cTnI and proBNP are increased in the majority of dogs with acute pancreatitis
TRUE
47
True or false - In dogs with acute pancreatitis, cardiovascular variables were associated with indices of disease severity
FALSE
48
Increases in which cardiac biomarker were observed in dogs with Spec cPL concentration >2000 μg/L?
High sensitivity troponin I
49
What % of dogs with resp disease have videofluoroscopic swallow study abnormalities?
75%
50
Which respiratory dogs had higher penetration-aspiration score on VFSS compared to healthy dogs - those with airway disease or those with parenchymal disease?
Airway disease
51
Which microRNA was found to distinguish between cats with GI cancer and CIE?
Serum miR-223-3p
52
Which (if any) faecal miRNAs can distinguish between cats with GIC and CIE
None
53
In an 'undernutrition screening score', which variables USS were most predictive of not achieving clinical remission within 6 months in dogs with PLE?
A combination of epaxial muscle loss and coat condition
54
True or false - Dogs with PLE that failed to achieve clinical remission had higher undernutrition score at diagnosis
TRUE
55
Which fecal acute phase proteins decreased in cats treated for chronic enteropathy?
Ceruluplasmin
56
Which fecal acute phase proteins was appears useful in differentiating CIE from SCL in cats?
A1-AGP
57
Which fecal acute phase proteins are increased in cats with feline chronic enteropathy?
Ceruluspasmin
Haptoglobin
58
Which fecal acute phase proteins was decreased in cats with feline chronic enteropathy?
A1-AGP
59
True or false - A panel of IgA-based serologic assays was useful in identifying dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy
FALSE
60
True or false - dogs with acute pancreatitis have higher vitamin D concentrations compared to healthy controls
TRUE
61
True or false - dogs with acute pancreatitis have higher concentrations of vitamin D receptors than healthy controls
TRUE
62
True or false - dogs with acute pancreatitis have higher concentrations of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) than healthy controls
FALSE
63
Which marker of vitamin D status correlated with survival in dogs with acute pancreattiis?
Vitamin D receptor concentration
64
Which marker of vitamin D status negatively correlated with CRP and SpecCPLi in dogs with acute pancreatitis?
Vitamin D receptor concentration
65
Feeding an elemental diet resulted in improvement in what proportion of dogs with uncontrolled CE?
16/23 (70%)
66
True or false - an elemental diet changed the faecal microbiome in dogs with uncontrolled chronic enteropathy
TRUE
67
What is the incidence of AKI in dogs treated with amphotericin B?
36-42%
68
What 2 factors decreased the chances of AKI in dogs treated with amphotericin B?
ICU hospitalisation
Inpatient treatment
69
In rapid immunoassay for bacteriuria, was this test more sensitive or specific?
Moree specific
70
In rapid immunoassay for bacteriuria, what 3 factors were associated with increased chance of positive results?
Malodorous urine
Bacteriuria
Pyuria
71
How does hyperthyroidism affect USG in cats (if at all)?
No effect
72
True or false - hyperthyroid cats with lower USG were more likely to develop azotaemia post RAI treatment
TRUE
73
What effect (if any) did iatrogenic hypothyroidism have on USG in cats treated with RAI?
Decreased USG in cats that developed hypoT
74
What is the most common echocardiographic finding in dogs with PH secondary to respiratory disease?
Pulmonary arterial enlargement
75
Which is associated with more marked echocardiographic changes in dogs with pulmonary hypertension - obstructive airway disease or restrictive lung disease?
Restrictive lung disease
76
Chronic inflammation associated with what represents a possible triggering factor for the development of follicular cystitis in dogs?
Intramural E. coli infection in the urinary bladder wall
77
Is follicular cystitis associated with small or large breed dogs?
Large
78
In non-traumatic hemorrhagic myelopathy in dogs, what was the most commonly identified underlying cause? Second most common?
1. Angiostrongylus
2. SRMA
79
True or false - for non-traumatic hemorrhagic myelopathy in dogs, a minority of dogs had a good/excellent outcome
FaLSE
80
True or false - in non-traumatic hemorrhagic myelopathy in dogs, outcome was associated with neurological severity
FALSE
81
Which is more reliable in detecting CHF in dogs with respiratory signs - Radiographic vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) or vertebral heart size (VHS)
VLAS
82
True or false - in dogs with respiratory signs, murmur grade was associated with likelihood of CHF
TRUE
83
In 'External validation of a United Kingdom primary-care Cushing's prediction tool in a population of referred Dutch dogs', did the original tool over- or under-estimate Cushings diagnosis?
Overestimate
84
Which had more reduction early on in RT of nasal tumours - sarcoma or carcinoma?
Carcinoma
85
True or false - serum insulin concentration at time of diagnosis was predictive of metastasis in canine insulinoma?
FALSE
86
True or false - serum insulin concentration at time of diagnosis was predictive of survival time in canine insulinoma?
FALSE
87
True or false - stage of heart disease affects pimobendan pharmacokinetics in dogs with MMVD
FALSE
88
In healthy cats, which of the following (if any) decreased the number of activated platelets?
a) Clopidogrel
b) Rivaroxaban
c) Combined clopidogrel and rivoroxoban
c) Combined clopidogrel and rivoroxoban
89
What effect (if any) did heart disease have on calculated serum osmolality compared to healthy dogs?
Dogs with Stage B and Stage C/D heart disease had higher calculated Osm than healthy dogs
90
In 'Adeno-associated virus-vectored erythropoietin gene therapy for anemia in cats with chronic kidney disease', what were the two reported adverse effects?
Encephalopathy
Hypertension
91
True or false, in 'Adeno-associated virus-vectored erythropoietin gene therapy for anemia in cats with chronic kidney disease', a majority of cats responded to SB-001
TRUE
92
In idiopathic functional urinary outflow tract obstruction in dogs, what % had incontinence? What % had dysuria?
45% incontinence
100% dysuria
93
True or false - in idiopathic functional urinary outflow tract obstruction in dogs, outcome was affected by the presence of overt neurological signs
FALSE
94
True or false - cat bile harbors a core microbiota
FALSE
95
Biliary infection with what bacteria appears to induce growth of other bacteria in the microbiome?
E. coli
96
Which has a higher diagnsotic accuracy for Histoplasma - enzyme immunoassay or immunodiffusion?
Enzyme immunoassay
97
Is Histoplasam enzyme immunoassay more sensitive or more specific?
More specific
98
Which electrolyte abnormality was common in dogs post-cholecystectomy and was associated with increased mortality?
Hypernatraemia
99
True or false - APPLEfast score predicted survival in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy
FALSE
100
What was the median number of days after initial diagnosis of acute CHF (in dogs with MMVD) to:
a) readmission
b) death
a) 150 days
b) 266 days
101
True or fasle - in canine Histopalsam, adding fungal culture improves diagnostic sen- sitivity when used with cytopathology and antigen detection
FALSE
102
Resistance to which antifungal is present in 25% of dogs with histoplasmosis?
Fluconazole
103
When the UPC is >2.0, achieving recommended UPC targets within what period appears to be associated with a significant survival benefit?
Within 3 months
104
In dogs with UPC >2 receiving ACE inhibitors, what 2 baseline biochemsitry findings were associated with non-survival
Azotaemia
Hypoalbuminaemia
105
Long term survival was seen in a cat with which bladder tumour treated with partial cystectomy and adjuvant metronomic cyclophosphamide and thalidomide
Haemangiosarcoma
106
What were the 2 negative pronostic factors in 14 dogs undergoing transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular masses?
Abdominal bleeding
Large tumor volume/body weight ratio
107
In 'Therapeutic response and prognostic factors of 14 dogs undergoing transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular masses', what was the MST?
419 days
108
Which adipokine is decreased in hypothyroid dogs compared to healthy dogs?
Visfatin
109
Which adipokine was positively correlated with BCS and insulin concentrations in hypothyroid dogs
Betatrophin
110
What, if any, differecne was there in vitamin D concentrations between dogs with Coccidiosis and healthy controls?
No difference
111
In "Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany", what % were pyrexic?
50%
112
In "Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany", what was the most common clincopathological abnormality?
Thrombocytopenia (100%)
113
What % does uNGAL need to rise above baseline to be cosndiered more than normal variation?
>100%
114
Which is superior for diagnosis of canine phaeochromocytoma - plasma metanephrines or normetanephrines?
Normetanephrines
115
In dogs with NSAID toxicity, waht 3 factors were associated with increased disease severiy?
1. Increased time to presentation
2. Higher baseline creatinine
3. Abscence of induced emesis
116
Toxicity with which NSAID was associated with higher disease severity rate in dogs compared to carprofen?
Ibuprofen
117
What 5 factors were associated with longer survival in tonsillar carcinoma?
1. Absence of clinicals signs at presentation
2. Surgery (tonsillectomy)
3. Use of adjuvant chemotherapy
4. Use of NSAIDs
5. No metastasis
118
True or false - canine neopalstic lymphocytes are more sensitive to venetoclax than normal lymphocytes
TRUE
119
Which are killed by venetoclax - canine neoplastic T-cell or B-cells?
T-cell neoplasia
120
In bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis without empyema in dogs, what was the most common source if infection?
Otitis media/interna
121
True or false - pyrexia was common in dogs with bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis without empyema
FALSE (3/24)
122
Salivary total bile acids were higher in dogs with which two features/diseases comapred to healthy controls?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Brachycephalic dogs
123
BAL total bile acid concentrations were higher in which (if any) diseases comapred to healthy controls?
a) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
b) inflamamtory airway disease
c) Recurrent penumonia
d) Brachycephalic dogs
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
124
What was the reported remission rate in cats treated for diabetes mellitus?
29%
125
True or false - remission was associated with improved quality of life in cats with diabetes
TRUE
126
What factor was associated with diabetic remission in cats?
Feeidng a commercially available wet diet (vs diabetic prescription diet)
127
True or false - Healthy dogs eating nontraditional diets had lower indices of systolic function compared todogs eating traditional diets
TRUE
128
True or false - Healthy dogs eating nontraditional diets had larger left ventricular volumes compared todogs eating traditional diets
TRUE
129
In "Ionized hypercalcemia in 238 cats from a referral hospital population (2009-2019)", what was the mst common cause of hypercalcaemia?
AKI
130
In the majority of dogs with acute pancreatitis, how soon do lipase concentrations return to normal or near-normal?
2 days
131
True or fasle - in dogs with acute pancreatitis, clinical signs were not associated with lipases
TRUE
132
In "Progression of lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in dogs hospitalized for acute pancreatitis and correlation with clinical features", what diagnostic finding correlated significantly with lipase activity and PLI?
Hyperechoic mesentery
133
True or false - dogs with haemolytic anaemia have higher carboxyhaemoglobin than:
a) dogs with non-haemolytic anameia
b) non-anaemic dogs
a) TRUE
b) TRUE
134
True or false - dogs with non-haemolytic anaemia have higher carboxyhaemoglobin than non-anaemic dogs
FALSE
135
In dogs with chronic enteropathy/PLE, what relationship (if any) did ionised magnesium have with the folloowing:
a) PTH
b) Vitamin D
a) Negatively correlates
b) Weakly correlates
136
True or false: Modified Adams stage is useful for prognostication for dogs with sinonasal tumors treated with stereotactic RT
FALSE
DSST in dogs with stage 4 disease showed no statistical difference compared to other stages
137
Which microRNA is higher in dogs with acute pancreatitis than healthy dogs?
cfa-miR-375
138
Expressions of hsa-miR-216a-5p and cfa-miR-375 were positively correlated with what else in dogs with acute pancreatitis?
CRP
139
True or false - CREA slope can be used to differentiate stable from progressive kidney dysfunction
TRUE
140
True or false - SDMA slope can be used to differentiate stable from progressive kidney dysfunction
TRUE
141
What unusual manifestation of pneumocystosis was reported in 2 sibling Chihuahua?
Ocular
142
In a case series in 2023, whatIn a small case series, what antiviral was shown to be an effective and safe treatment for 18 domestic cats with FIP?
Molnupiravir
143
What is the upper limit for gallbladder wall thickness in fasted (8 hours) dogs <40 kg?
1.3mm
144
Using Freestyle Libre 2 in cats, what effect does marked hypoglycaemia have on interstitial glucose reading accuracy (compared to BG)?
Generally IG overestimates BG in marked hypoglycemia (<60 mg/dL)
145
Using Freestyle Libre 2 in cats, does interstitial glucose over- or un-der estimate blood glucose in euglycaemia?
Underestimates
146
What were the 3 most common aetiologies of peripheral oedema in dogs in order?
1. Vsculitis
2. Lymphatic/venous obstruction
3. Hypoalbuminaemia
147
Which is more common in dogs - localsied peipheral odemea or generalised?
Localised
148
Which is more common in dgos with peripheral oedema - abdominal, pleural or pericardial effusion?
Abdominal
149
In dogs with peripheral oedema, abdominal/pleural effusion were more common with which aetiologies?
RS-CHF
Hypoalbuminaemia
150
What % of dogs with hypoadrenocorticism have hypercalcaemia?
34.5%
151
True or false - dogs with glucocortioid-only hypoadrencoorticism were more likely to have hypercalcaemia than dogs with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism?
FALSE - hypercalcaemia more common with mineralocorticoid deficiency
152
What 2 clinical pathology findings increased the risk of total hypercalcaemia in dogs with Addisons?
Higher creatinine
Higher albumin
153
What 2 factors increased the risk of ionised hypercalcaemia in dogs with Addisons?
Lower potassium
Younger age
154
In 'Thirty-two cats with effusive or non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis treated with a combination of remdesivir and GS-441524', what % of cats showed a response to treatment?
87.5%
155
In 'Thirty-two cats with effusive or non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis treated with a combination of remdesivir and GS-441524', what % of cats were alive at the end of the 12-week treatment period?
81.3%
156
Of cats with FIP that are treated but die, what % die in the first 3 days?
66%
157
In "Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020", what was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for
a) Dogs
b) Cats
Potentiated penicillins for both
158
True or false - in cats, cystocentesis results in higher UPC than voided samples
TRUE
159
True or false - in cats, cystocentesis results in higher USG than voided samples
FALSE - USG is lower in cystocentesis
160
Cystocentesis vs voided sampling resulted in different proteinuria classification for what % of cats?
28%
161
True or false - Feeding a specially formulated diet for 365 days was associated with a significantly different rate of change of left heart size in dogs with subclinical MMVD compared to controls
FALSE
162
In dogs treated with RT for a pituitary mass, what effect (if any) did the presence of HAC have on survival?
No effect
163
True or fasle - in dogs treaed with RT for pituitary masses, definitive-intent protocls were associated with longer survival than pallitaive-intent?
TRUE
164
In dogs treated with RT for pituitary mass, what was the only predictor of survival on multivariant analysis?
Total radiation dose
165
What is the most common site for discospondylitis in dogs?
L7-S1
166
In dogs with discospondylitis, what factor was associated with an increased risk of progressive neurological dysfunction?
Prior steroid use
167
What bacterial species were msot commonly identified on blood culture in dogs with discospondylitis?
Staphylococcus
168
Mutations in the CYP27B1 gene cause what condition in pugs?
Vitamin D dependent Ricketts
169
Administration of which drug has been studied as a suppression test for diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism in cats? What were the results?
Telmisartan
One study showed promsie, another did not
170
In primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma surgically resected in small-breed dogs, what were the 3 prognsotic factors on multivariant analysis?
Tumour size 5-7cm
Margins
Older age
171
In primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma surgically resected in small-breed dogs, what was OST?
716 days
172
What effect, if any, did neutering status have on the RAAS system of female Dobermans?
Intact females had higher ACE and other RAAS hormones than neutered
173
For cats with diet-induced pancytopenia, what was the fatality rate?
63%
174
What toxins were implicated in diet-associated pancytopenia in cats?
Hematotoxic trichothecene T-2/HT-2 mycotoxins
Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)
175
Which effect (if any) did the presence of histoplasmosis have on the following in dgos:
a) CRP
b) Haptoglobin
c) Vitamin D
a) CRP - higher
b) Haptoglobin - higher
c) Vitamin D - lower
176
Which of the following (if any) mitigated bleeding in dogs administered prednisolone:
a) Omeprazole
b) Probiotic
Omeprazole only
177
True or false - prednisolone adminsitration increased gastric mucosal lesions in dogs over time
TRUE
178
True or false - in dogs with chronic pancreatitis, emergency appointments had higher DGGR lipase activity than non-emergent appointments
TRUE
179
True or false - on dogs with chronic pancreatitis, DGGR lipase did not correlate with clincial severity score (CPCSS)
FALSE, it did
180
Do cats have higher or lower DOCP requirements than dogs?
Higher
181
In a Swiss study into feline hypoadrenocorticism, what breed appeared overrepresented?
British ShorthAIR
182
In a study into serum cystatin C concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease, what was the main finding?
High cystatin C associated with shorter survival and higher chance of MMVD-related death
183
True or false - in dogs with high-grade B cell lymphoma treated with chemotherapy with or without sequential low-dose rate half-body irradiation, the RT treated dogs had longer remission times?
TRUE
184
In dogs with high-grade B cell lymphoma treated with chemotherapy with sequential low-dose rate half-body irradiation, what was the 2-year survival rate?
78%
185
What imaging/pathophysiological finding is responsibel for hunting-associated respiratory distress in dogs?
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
186
In a case report, what neoplasm was reported in association with concurrent marked cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in a dog?
T-cell lymphoma
187
In 'Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary isolates obtained from cats (2013-2020)', whic antibiotics (if any) achieved >90% sensitivity for all bacteria isoltaed?
None
188
In "Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary isolates obtained", what bacteria were more likely to be isolated in:
a) subclincial bacteriuria
b) spontaenous UTI
a) Enterococcus
b) E coli
189
In cats, recurrent bacterial cystitis was associated with an increased risk of antimicrobial resistance to whihc antibiotic?
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
190
In "Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary isolates obtained", which antibiotic had the highest % of susceptibility across all bacteria isolated?
TMPS (75%)
191
In "Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary isolates obtained", which bacteria had the highest prevalence of multi-drug resistance?
Enterococcus faecium (65%)
192
True or false - penetrating damage to the thorax was implicated as the cause of pyothorax in dogs more commonly than in cats
FALSE - equal % in both (75-76%)
193
What 3 clincial findings were more common in cats with pyothorax than cats?
Intracellualr bacteria
Anaerobes
Higher number of bacterial isolates
194
Is muscle stiffness in HAC associated with piruitary or adrenal-dependent disease?
PD-HAC (100%)
195
Does muscle stiffness usually improve with treatment of HAC, or remain static or worsen?
Typically static or worsens
196
What, if any, effect does sex have on risk of upper urinary tract uroliths in cats?
Females at increased risk
197
What 5 breeds have an increased risk of upper urinary tract uroliths in cats?
British shorthair
Burmese
Persian
Ragdoll
Tonkin- ese
198
What effect does gae have on risk of upper urianry tract uroliths in cats?
Cats >4yo have increased risk
199
What were the 3 factors associated with increased risk of obstruction in cats with upper urinary uroliths?
Female sex
Bilateral uroliths
Younger age (especially under 8yo)
200
What histopathological finding was present in kidneys of cats with CKD and is positively correlated with renal dysfunction and other histopathologic lesions (fibrosis, scelrosis)?
Capillary rarefaction (reduced capilalry size and area)
201
What % of diabetic dogs havd a positive urine culture? What % of those dogs had LUT signs?
15% had positive culture
27% of those with positive cultre had LUT signs
202
In diabetic dogs, what 2 other urine findings were more likely in those with positive urine culture?
Bacteriuria
Pyuria
203
True or false - in diabetic dogs, no association was found between urine culture results and signs of LUTD
TRUE
204
Can you name any genes where mutations have been linked to shorter FPS in dogs with cancer?
CCND1
CCND3
SMARCB1
FANCG
CDKN2A/B
MSH6
205
In which 2 cancers is plasma DR-70 (fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products) significantly increased?
Oral malignant melanoma
Metastatic MCT
206
True or false - plasma DR-70 (fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products) are higher in dogs with cancer than healthy dogs?
TRUE
207
In 'Individualized chemotherapy drug dose escalation in dogs with multicentric lymphoma' what % of dogs were able to have safe escalation in dose of at least one drug?
78%
208
In 'Individualized chemotherapy drug dose escalation in dogs with multicentric lymphoma' what % of dogs required hospitalisation at least once due to adverse effects?
3/23 (13%)
209
In cats with suspected dietary induced pancytopenia, what was the fatality rate?
78%
210
True or false - In cats with suspected dietary induced pancytopenia, myelofibrosis was a common bone marrow feature
FALSE
211
True or false - In cats with suspected dietary induced pancytopenia, necrosis was a common bone marrow feature
FALSE
212
True or false - in cats with FLAD, improvement in clinical score also correlated with improvement in radiographic score
FALSE
213
True or false - in cats with FLAD, total radiographic score improved after 60 days of treatment?
TRUE
214
In 9 dogs who underwent bronchial stent, what % has success and improve QoL?
100%
215
In 9 dogs who underwent bronchial stent, how many developed stent complciations? What was the most common complication?
4/9
Pneumothorax
216
What serum protein was higher in WHWT with pulmonary fibrosis vs healthy ones?
Osteopontin (SPP1)
217
What serum protein was higher in healthy WHWT vs other healthy terriers?
Osteopontin (SPP1)
218
What protien was higher in BAL from WHWT vs other terriers?
Osteopontin (SPP1)
219
What serum protein was lower in WHWT vs other terriers?
Fibronectin (FN1) serum
220
In a canine case report, what drug induced SLE?
Phenobarbital
221
What was the difference in coagulation (if any) between dogs with SARDS and healthy controls?
Dogs with SARDS more hypercagulable
222
What effect does hyperlipidaemia appear to have on gallbladder volume?
Hyperlipidaemic dogs have larger GB volumes before and after eating
223
True or false - Most dogs with Brucella suis infections have subclinical infections
TRUE
224
Dirofilaria repens appears to affect what organs?
Kidneys (glomerular)
Skin
225
Is cholelithiasis more commonly incidental or symptomatic when diagnsoed in cats?
Symptomatic
226
In feline cholelithiasis, what 2 factors were associated with symptomatic disease?
Obstruction
Multifocal choleliths
227
In feline cholelithiasis, what factor was associated with poorer survival?
Obstruction
228
Of cats with incidentally noted choleliths, what proportion of cats developed clinical signs on follow-up?
None
229
True or false - PDE5A:E90K polymorphism influences the inhibitory effect of pimobendan or basal platelet aggregation response
FALSE
230
What effect does pimobendan have on coagulability?
Pimobendan inhibits platelet aggregation
231
What effect (if any) does trazodone have on coagulation?
Decreased platelet aggregation
232
True or false - urine pH varies within healthy dogs over time
TRUE
233
True or false - urine bacterial diversity varied within healthy dogs over time
FALSE
234
True or false - urine UPC varied within healthy dogs over time
FALSE
235
Resistance to which antibiotic was very common in urinary bacteria in healthy dogs?
AMoxicillin-clavulanate
236
True or false - adjustment of enrofloxacin dosage is indicated for azotaemic cats
FALSE
237
Use of corticosteroids vs a multi-agent protocol had what (if any) effect on the following in dogs with non-associative IMHA (retrospective):
a) PCV stabilisation
b) hospitalisation time
c) survival
d) relapse
No effect on any except more relapse in dogs receiving steroids only
238
In retrospective analysis of dogs with non-associative IMHA, addition of which drug to steroids appeared to increase hospitalisation time?
Mycophenolate
239
True or false - In retrospective analysis of dogs with non-associative IMHA, use of multiple anti-thrombotic agents was associated with less thrombosis than clopidogrel alone
FALSE
240
True or false - urinary cystatin B differentiated stable vs progressive IRIS CKD Stage 1
TRUE
241
A what % increase in UPC in a healthy cat is not solely attributable to physiological and analytical variation (and therefore is clinically significant)?
82%
242
A what % decrease in USG in a healthy cat is not solely attributable to physiological and analytical variation (and therefore is clinically significant)?
36%
243
True or false- MRI features can predict tumour grade in peripheral nerve sheath tumours in dogs?
TRUE
244
What effect, if any, did administration of cannabidiol have in dogs with drug-resistant idiopathic epilepsy?
Cannabidiol decreased total seizures and seizure days compared to placebo when administered to dog
245
What clinicopathological abnormality was noted in dogs with drug-resistant idiopathic epilepsy given cannabidiol?
Increased liver enzymes
246
What 2 factors may indicate an underlying structural cause for episodic (nonintentional) head tremor in dogs?
Older age
Additional neurological signs
247
True or false - an intracranial structural abnormality can be excluded in dogs episodic (nonintentional) head tremor with normal neurological examination
FALSE
248
In dogs with structural episodic head tremor, what was the most common underlying cause?
Pituitary mass
249
In dogs with cervical myelopathy, the presence of Horners syndrome is associated with what?
Non-compressive disease
250
In dogs and cats with naso-oesophageal feeding tubes managed at home, what was the median time that tubes remained in place?
6 days
251
In dogs and cats with naso-oesophageal feeding tubes managed at home, what was the overall client satisfaction?
94%
252
Which disease process affected more than half of pug dogs presenting with chronic thoracolumbar myelopathies?
Constrictive myelopathy
253
For which two biochemistry values should fasting be most considered?
Triglycerides
Phosphorous
254
In a study of hydrolysed fish diets in dogs with non-PLE chronic enteropathy, what % responded initially to diet, and what % when taking into account a second diet trial?
83% first diet
100% second diet
255
True or false - cobalamin can be increased and maintained by diet alone (hydrolysed fish) in dogs with chronic enteropathy
TRUE
256
In the ORCA study, how many of the 60 dogs with AF had structural heart disease?
56/60
257
In the ORCA study of atrial fibrillation, which two features were associated with higher risk of death?
High proBNP
Congenital heart disease
258
In the ORCA study of atrial fibrillation, which feature was associated with lower risk of death?
Mean HR <125
259
In the ORCA study of atrial fibrillation, which 3 features were associated with lower risk of achieving rate control?
Increased LA size
Higher CRP
Lower BP at admission
260
True or false - cats with phaeochomocytoma had increases in urinary but not plasma metanephrines
FALSE
Increases in both
261
What effect did esomeprazole have on dysbiosis index:
a) when administered alone
b) when administered with a probiotic
No effect on DI when given alone
DI increased when given alongside probiotic
262
True or false - vomiting and diarrhoea was less common when esomeprazole as given alongside a probiotic rather than by itself
FALSE
263
What was the treatment success rate for diabetic cats treated with bexagliflozin?
84%
264
What were the general findings of 'Long-term outcome of epileptic dogs treated with implantable vagus nerve stimulators'
Monthly seizure frequencies decreased and inter-seizure intervals increased in all dogs 2 to 3 years after VNS implantation, but a high proportion were euthanized before this time point.
265
True or false - in dogs with pancreatitis, fuzapladib was well tolerated by all
TRUE
266
True or false - after 3 days, dogs with pancreatitis receiving Fuzapladib had lower clinical scores than dogs receiving placebo
TRUE (for MCAI and CAPCSI)
267
True or false - after 3 days, dogs with pancreatitis receiving Fuzapladib had lower cPLI than dogs receiving placebo
FALSE
268
True or false - after 3 days, dogs with pancreatitis receiving Fuzapladib had lower CRP than dogs receiving placebo
FALSE
269
In 'Pre-illness dietary risk factors in dogs with chronic enteropathy', what 3 factors potentially decreased the risk of enteropathy?
Feeding no carbohydrates
Primary protein source being red meat
Diet moisture percentage >14%
270
What was the biggest risk factor identified for development of hypoadrenocorticism?
Neutering
271
According to one study, what test may be a reliable variable for detecting early regeneration in anemic dogs without reticulocytosis?
immature reticulocyte fraction
272
What neutrophil extracellular trap was particularly associated with cats with HCM?
Citrullinated histone 3
273
Which gene is associated with delayed postoperative bleeding in Scottish deerhounds?
SERPINF2
274
What 2 dog breeds have higher proportion of Dal-negative dogs?
Dalmatian
Doberman
275
Interpretation of cageside Dal agglutination cards should be cautious in which clinical scenario?
Anaemia
276
True or false - in critically ill cats, cardiac troponin I is a predictor of mortality?
FALSE
277
What are some factors that may predict post-attenuation shunting and clinical recovery in dogs with EHPSS
Albumin
WBC count
Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 alpha (MAT2α)
Connective tissue growth factor precursor
expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator and LysM and putative peptidoglycan-binding domain-containing protein 2.
278
What 2 characteristics were associated with higher rate of recurrence of colorectal polyps?
WHWT
Larger polyps
279
True or false - in dogs administered TCMCB07, a melanocortin-4 antagonist peptide, a significant number showed adverse effects
FALSE
280
True or false - in dogs administered TCMCB07, a melanocortin-4 antagonist peptide, mean body weight and condition increased
TRUE
281
What clinical pathology finding was seen in dogs administered TCMCB07, a melanocortin-4 antagonist peptide?
Increased BUN
282
At what ACVIM stage of MMVD does RAAS activity increase in comparison to normal dogs?
Stage B2
283
Compared to normal dogs, what effect (if any) did CKD have on the following:
a) Gastric pH
b) Serum gastrin
No effect on either
