JVIM 2022 Flashcards
In a study into serial analysis of blood biomarker concentrations in dogs with pneumonia, what was the time to maximal concentration of each of the following:
a) CRP
b) SAA
c) Haptoglobin
a) CRP - day 1
b) SAA - day 3
c) Haptoglobin - day 7
In a study into serial analysis of blood biomarker concentrations in dogs with pneumonia, what was the median time to normalisation of each of the following:
a) CRP
b) SAA
a) CRP 7 days
b) SAA 6 days
In quantitative bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which of the following (if any) was predictive of the requirement for antibiotics:
a) cfu/uml
b) TNCC
a) cfu/uml - NO
b) TNCC - Not when only bronchial disease considered
What, if any, effect does inhaled albuterol have on the following in dogs:
a) HR
b) glucose
c) potassium
a) HR - no effect
b) glucose - no effect
c) potassium - decreased (
In a study of videofluoroscopic swallow study abnormalities associated with airway penetration and aspiration, which of the following (if any) were associated with penetration aspiration?
a) clinical signs
b) pharyngeal dysphagia
c) oesophageal dysphagia
d) oral dysphagia
e) pharyngeal weakness
b) pharyngeal dysphagia
c) oesophageal dysphagia
e) pharyngeal weakness
In a study of impact of cytidine diphosphocholine on oxygenation in client-owned dogs with aspiration pneumonia, was there any benefit noted in treated dogs?
CDP-choline administration resulted in rapid, progressive, and clinically relevant increases in oxygenation as determined by pulse oximetry and ratios of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 mmHg) to fractional inspired oxygen (% FiO2) and decreases in alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradients that did not occur in placebo (saline)- treated animals.
In a study into Utility of fungal polymerase chain reaction on nasal swab samples in the diagnosis and monitoring of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs, what were the conclusions?
Aspfum and PanAsp on blindly collected nasal swabs can be useful for the detection of SNA at diagnosis and at cure, especially when more invasive methods are not available
what % of chronically hypoxaemic dogs had polycythaemia?
8.5% (increased Hct)
26% (increased RBC)
True or false - in a study of Polycythemia in dogs with chronic hypoxic pulmonary disease, Red blood cell parameters were associated with the severity of hypoxemia
FALSE
True or false - In a study of Serial evaluation of thoracic radiographs and acute phase proteins in dogs with pneumonia, CRP and SAA normalised before radiographic resolution
TRUE
True or false - In a study of Serial evaluation of thoracic radiographs and acute phase proteins in dogs with pneumonia, CRP and SAA normalised before antibiotics finished
TRUE
What novel treatment was successful for management of pneumothorax in a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel puppy with multiple pulmonary blebs and bullae?
Allogenic blood patch pleurodesis
In a study of ‘Antimicrobial discontinuation in dogs with acute aspiration pneumonia based on clinical improvement and normalization of C-reactive protein concentration’, Antimicrobials were discontinued after 1 week in what % of dogs?
70.6%
In a study of ‘Antimicrobial discontinuation in dogs with acute aspiration pneumonia based on clinical improvement and normalization of C-reactive protein concentration’ Thoracic radiographs and LUS were useful during follow-up
FALSE
Thoracic radiographs and LUS were useful for diagnosis, but did not add additional information during follow-up, because image normalization lagged behind clinical improvement and serum CRP normalization
What was the prevalence of lower respiratory tract disease in small-breed dogs with preclincial MMVD?
74.6%
In a study of point-of-care lung ultrasound in small-breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease, what was the false +ve rate when a previously reported criterion for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema was used? What factors increased the risk of false +ve?
False +ve 15.8%
higher in dogs with lower respiratory tract disease
In a study of brachycephalic dogs, what was the association (if any) between the distal percentage time pH ≤4 and each of the following:
a) respiratory grade
b) gastrointestinal grade
c) laryngeal collapse grade
d) previous upper airway surgery
None with any of them
Which of these disappears first in dogs with aspiration pneumonia:
Ultrasonographic shred sign
Ultrasonographic B-lines
Thoracic radiography abnormalities
Ultrasonographic shred sign
In dogs evaluated for respiratory signs, which 2 concurrent resp disorders were associated with bronchomalacia?
Tracheal/bronchial collpase
Bronchiectasis
In dogs evaluated for respiratory signs, how did age relate to bronchomalacia?
Dogs with bronchomalacia were likely to be older
True or false - In dogs evaluated for respiratory signs, dogs with bronchomalacia were also more likely to have have pulmonary hypertension?
TRUE
In a study into stereotactic body radiation for treatment of nasal and nasopharyngeal lymphoma in cats, what were the 2 negative prognostic indicators?
cribriform lysis
intracalvarial involvement
In a study into stereotactic body radiation for treatment of nasal and nasopharyngeal lymphoma in cats, what % had signs consistent with chronic rhinitis on follow-up?
75%
In a study into stereotactic body radiation for treatment of nasal and nasopharyngeal lymphoma in cats, when disease progression occurred was it more likely local or systemic?
Local
True or false - antineoplastic chemotherapy is a major predisposing factor for the development of positive urine culture
FALSE
True or false - in an investigation into UTI in dogs receiving chemo, most dogs with a positive urine culture had subclinical bacteriuria
TRUE
In an investigation into UTI in dogs receiving chemo, what was the most common pathogen?
Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, isolated in 9/10 episodes
in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease, what % that are normocalcaemic at diagnosis go on to develop hypercalcaemia?
26%
What % of cats were hypercalcaemic at time of diagnosis of azotaemic CKD?
20%
In azotaemic CKD cats, what was the relationship between ionised hypercalcaemia and each of the following:
a) PTH
b) potassium
c) sex
a) hypercalcaemic cats had lower PTH
b) hypercalcaemic cats had higher potassium
c) Ionised hypercalcaemia was more common in male cats
In cats who are normocalcaemic at time of diagnosis of azotaemic CKD, waht was the only risk factor for then developing hypercalcaemia?
Increased BCS
In a study of long-term outcome of dogs recovering from acute kidney injury, what % had normalisation of CREA?
75%
True or false - In a study of long-term outcome of dogs recovering from acute kidney injury, long-term survival was associated with creatinine normalization
FALSE
In a study of long-term outcome of dogs recovering from acute kidney injury, what aetiologies were associated with better survival?
Infectious
Nephrotoxicity
What was the most common category of AKI aetiology in dogs?
ischemic/inflammatory
What was the reported survival to discharge rate of dogs with AKI?
66%
In a 2022 study into AKI in dogs, was IRIS AKI grade associated with risk of death?
Yes
What was the biggest clinical risk factor for death on a study of AKI in dogs?
Anuria
In dogs with AKI, what was the survival for dogs that underwent haemodialysis?
60%
What was the reported treatment for a case of minimal change disease podocytopathy in a dog?
Mycophenolate and telmisartan
True or false - in ‘The use of autologous skeletal muscle progenitor cells for adjunctive treatment of presumptive urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in female dogs’, the majority of treated dogs required additional medications to be continent?
TRUE
What, if any, was the effect of mineral oil as a lubricant to collect feces from cats for microbiome studies
No effect
Incidence of relapse of inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy in dogs and associated risk factors, what % of dogs did not ever achieve remission?
44%
For dogs with PLE, what was the main risk factor for dogs that achieved remission and subsequently relapsed?
Poor dietary complicance
In a study into ‘Incidence of relapse of inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy in dogs and associated risk factors’, what % responded initially but then had a relapse?
25%
What novel technique was described in a case report for reduction of an ileocecocolic intussusception in a puppy?
Noninvasive hydrostatic reduction (injection of saline)
True or false for each of the following: Serum MMA concentrations decreased with both oral and injectable B12 supplementation in dogs with….
a) Chronic enteropathy
b) EPI
a) Chronic enteropathy - TRUE
b) EPI - FALSE (oral only)
True or false for each of the following: Cobalamin concentrations increased with both oral and injectable B12 supplementation in dogs with….
a) Chronic enteropathy
b) EPI
TRUE for both
In dogs with vestibular disease, what if any effect did ondansetron have on AVP?
AVP decreased 4 hours after administration
In dogs with vestibular disease, what if any effect did ondansetron have on nausea behaviour?
Clinical resolution of nausea was observed 1 hour after administration
In ‘Evaluation of proton pump inhibitor administration in hospitalized dogs in a tertiary referral hospital’, what % of dogs in the hsopital had a PPI administered?
40%
In ‘Evaluation of proton pump inhibitor administration in hospitalized dogs in a tertiary referral hospital’, an adequate indication for use was identified in what % of dogs prescribed PPI?
27%
In ‘Evaluation of proton pump inhibitor administration in hospitalized dogs in a tertiary referral hospital’, an inadequate dosage was identified in what % of dogs discharged with PPI?
52%
True or false - oral inflammation is a risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats
False
True or false - tobacco smoke exposure is a risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats
True
In respect to environment, what are risk factors for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats
Rural environment and outdoor access are risk factors
In respect to diet, what is a risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats
Pet food containing chemical additives
For long-acting omeprazole injection, the mean number of days the dogs’ pH met established goals for MPT pH ≥3 was what?
5 days
In dogs with sliding hiatal hernia, brachycephalic dogs were more likely to have which of the following (may be more than one)
a) Respiratory distress
b) Respiratory signs generally
c) Aspiration pneumonia
Brachycephalic dogs more likely to have respiratory distress and aspiration, but not resp signs geenrally
In dogs with sliding hiatal hernia, how does brachycephaly affect the age of presentation?
Brachycephalic dogs present with signs of sHH at a younger age
True or false - all dogs with sliding hiatal hernia and respiratory signs had abnormal thoracic radiographs?
False - only 50%
Which is superior for detecting sliding hiatal hernia - thoracic radiography or videofluoroscopy?
Videofluoroscopy
Which is the most common presentation for dogs ith sliding hiatal hernia - exclusively GI signs, exclusively resp signs or mixed?
Exclusively GI signs
(least common = exclusively resp)
In ‘Clinical evaluation and microbiota analysis in 9 dogs with antibiotic-responsive enteropathy:’, what, if any, specific change was noted in the microbiota of these dogs comapred to controls?
No specific characteristic of the microbiome
In 9 dogs administered tylosin, did alpha- or beta- diversity change in the 30 days after starting treatment?
Alpha diversity
True or false, dogs undergoing gastroscopy with gastric lymphofollicular hyperplasia are more likely to have Helicobacter-like organisms ?
TRUE
True or false - in dogs undergoing gastroscopy, younger dogs have less Helicobacter-like organisms?
FALSE - they have more
True or false - in dogs undergoing gastroscopy, Frecnh bulldogs were more liekly to have gastric lymphofollicular hyperplasia?
FALSE
True or false - in dogs undergoing gastroscopy, dogs with gastric lymphofollicular hyperplasia were more likely to have vomiting?
TRUE
True or false - in dogs undergoing gastroscopy, younger dogs were more likely to have gastric lymphofollicular hyperplasia?
FALSE
According to a case report, which vector-borne protozoal disease should be considered as a differential for chronic diarrhoea in endemic areas?
Leishmania
True or false - in dogs with pancreatic fluid accumulations, complications were sometimes seen after FNA of the fluid?
FALSE
in dogs with pancreatic fluid accumulations, what did fluid cytology reveal in every case?
Predominantly neutrophilic inflamamtion
True or false - medical management is a viable treatment option for dogs with pancreatic fluid accumulation
TRUE for some
In dogs with liver disease undergoing endoscopy, what % had gastroduodenal ulceration? What % had rosions?
10% ulceration
15% erosions
True or false - in a study into ‘Gastroduodenal ulceration in dogs with liver disease, dogs with congenital disease were less likely to have ulcers/erosions than dogs with inflammatory hepatopathy and cirrhosis?
FALSE - no difference between (small) groups
What % of dogs with acute pancreatitis have ultrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes?
47%
In dogs with acute pancreatitis, which part of the GIT was most affected by ultrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes?
Duodenum
In dogs with acute pancreatitis, what was the only independent predictor of ultrasonographic gastrointestinal wall changes
Heart rate
In dogs with acute pancreatitis, what was the most common ultrasonographic gastrointestinal wall change?
Wall thickening
True or false for each of the following: compared to normocobalaminaemic dogs, dogs with severe hypocobalaminaemia had worse:
a) ileal histopathology scores
b) ileal endoscopy scores
TRUE for both
What serum metabolites moderately correlated with fPLI?
3 sphingolipids: 2 cerebrosides: HexCer and HexCer and 1 sphingomyelin: SM C18:0
True or false - in dogs with acute signs of large bowel diarrhea housed in an animal shelter, dogs fed a high-fibre diet had higher chance of resolution by the end of the study?
TRUE
In ‘Evaluation of resting cortisol concentration testing in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal signs’, what % of dogs had basal cortisol <55? What % of those still had cortisol <55 when basal cortisol was re-measured?
28% on initial testing
29% (of those 28%) on retesting
In ‘Evaluation of resting cortisol concentration testing in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal signs’, what was the true prevalence of hypadrenocorticism in the presented dogs?
0.3%
In dogs with abdominal oesophageal varices, what underlying condition did all dogs have?
Portal hypertension
In dogs with thoracic oesophegal varices, what underlying conditions did 9/11 cases have?
Pulmonary, caval, or systemic hypertension
How many dogs were euthanised or died as a direct result of oesophageal varices?
None
Which are younger - dogs with bony oesophageal foreign bodies or dogs with bony gastric foreign bodies?
Oesophageal
Which had bigger bones - dogs with oesophageal foreign bodies or dogs with gastric foreign bodies?
Oesophageal
What were two risk factors for Oesophageal erosions in dogs with bony oesophageal foreign bodies>
More distal entrapment
Longer duration of entrapment
Out of 45 bony oesophageal foreign bodies, how many were resolved non-surgically?
42
In healthy cats, what effect did azithormycin have on
a) gastric emptying
b) antral motility
Shorted gastric emptying
No effect on antral motility
In healthy cats, what effect did erythromycin have on
a) gastric emptying
b) antral motility
Shorted gastric emptying
No effect on antral motility
What was the odds ratio of dogs with AHDS developing chronic GI disease compared to controls?
2.57
What % of dogs with AHDS develop chronic GI signs?
28%
True or false - in dogs with GI signs, DGGR lipase does not correlate with ultrasonographic evidence of pancreatitis?
FALSE - weak correlation
How did DGGR lipase differ with duration of signs prior to presentation in dogs with GI signs?
Higher DGGR lipase in dogs with shorter duration of disease
In ‘Effects of medical history and clinical factors on serum lipase activity and ultrasonographic evidence of pancreatitis: Analysis of 234 dogs’, how did previous pancreatitis episodes relate to the following:
a) US diagnosis of pancreatitis
b) median DGGR lipase
Previous pancreatitis episodes were significantly associated with an US diagnosis of pancreatitis, but median lipase activities were not significantly higher
How does the imaging request form relate to an ultrasonograpic diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs with GI signs?
Pancreatic US was significantly more often positive when the request contained “suspicion of pancreatitis” or “increased lipase”
True or false - dogs with Gi signs with peripancreatic mesentery cahnges had significantly higher DGGR lipase activities?
TRUE
Normalized urine 2,3-dinor-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α concentrations correlate with what other things in dogs with pancreatitis?
CAPS score
CRP
Spec cPLI
True or false - Reactive metabolite (RM) concentrations are higher in dogs with acute pancreatitis vs controls
TRUE
True or false - in dogs with acute pancreatitis, reactive metabolite (RM) concentrations correlate with length of hospitalisation?
FALSE
True or false - miRNAs were able to distinguis between chronic enteropathy and GI cancer
TRUE
True or false - The metabolic profile of dogs with CE is significantly different from that of healthy dogs
TRUE
Compared to twice-daily intermediate-acting insulin, what effect (if any) did once-weekly AKS-218d (ultra-long-acting insulin) have on the following:
a) fructosamine
b) clinical signs
c) mean interstitial glucose
No effect on any
After hypophysectomy in dogs with corticotroph adenomas, which is more common - hypernatraemia or hyponatraemia? What % does each occur?
Postoperative hypernatremia developed in 46.5% (57/127) of dogs and hyponatremia in 6.3% (8/127)
After hypophysectomy in dogs with corticotroph adenomas, what happens to potassium?
Plasma potassium concentration increased without exceeding the reference limit
After hypophysectomy in dogs with corticotroph adenomas, how soon do sodium concentrations normalise?
24-48h
After hypophysectomy in dogs with corticotroph adenoma, what effect (if any) did hypernatraemia have on risk of:
a) death
b) recurrence
No effect on either
What were the 2 risk factors for develoment of diabetes inspidius after hypophysectomy in dogs with corticotroph adenoma?
Longer duration of surgery
Enlarged pituitary glands
In dogs with chronic hepatopathy, vitamin D is positively correlated with what?
Albumin
In dogs with chronic hepatopathy, vitamin D is negatively correlated with what?
AST
Neutrophils
In dogs with chronic hepatopathy, what 2 things does CRP correlate with?
Overall histopathologic necroinflammatory activity
Fibrosis score
In dogs with chronic hepatopathy, Plasma vWF concentration positively correlated with what 2 things?
Fibrosis score
Prothrombin time
In dogs with chronic hepatopathy, Plasma vWF concentration positively correlated with what?
Albumin
In cats treated with RAI, what (if any) effect did age have on likelihood of developing iatrogenic hypothyroidism?
Cats that developed iatrogenic hypothyroidism were more likely to be older
In cats treated with RAI, what (if any) effect did sex have on likelihood of developing iatrogenic hypothyroidism?
Cats that developed iatrogenic hypothyroidism were more likely to be female
In cats treated with RAI, what (if any) effect did TSH have on likelihood of developing iatrogenic hypothyroidism?
Cats that developed iatrogenic hypothyroidism were more likely to have detectable serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations
