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VET 433: Musculoskeletal > Juvenile Orthopedic Diseases > Flashcards

Juvenile Orthopedic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

osteochondrosis / OCD

A

disruption/failure of normal endochondral ossification at the growth cartilage at the epiphysis of the femur, humerus, and tarsus

likely caused by ischemia

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2
Q

clinical signs of OC/OCD

A

lameness
pain on palpation
joint effusion

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3
Q

OC/OCD treatment

A

surgical tx ONLY

palliative: remove flap and allow fibrocartilage formation

prognosis depend on location:
- shoulder: good
- stifle, elbow tarsus: relieves pain but likely to still have lameness

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4
Q

OC/OCD signalment

A

young (4-5 months)
large breeds
males

**highly heritable

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5
Q

panosteitis

A

protein retention leading to increased intraosseous pressure –> fat necrosis –> vascular proliferation –> bone formation –> bone remodelling –> replacement with fat

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6
Q

OC/OCD on radiographs

A

subchondral bone defect (concave lucency in subchondral bone) with surrounding sclerosis

OCD: cartilage flap fragment within joint (only visible if mineralized)

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7
Q

clinical signs of panosteitis

A

shifting limb lameness
NO systemic illness
painful long bones

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8
Q

panosteitis treatment

A

none; self-limiting

prognosis is good

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9
Q

panosteitis signalment

A

young (5-12 months)
large breed (GSD, rotties, labs, great danes)
males

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10
Q

panosteitis on radiographs

A

increased intramedullary opacity (“wispy” sclerosis/smoke in the chimney)

periosteal productive response

**can have a radiographic lag compared to onset of clinical signs

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11
Q

hypertrophic osteodystrophy

A

zone of abnormal trabecular bone in the metaphysis –> hemorrhage, inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis –> reactive bone formation

most common in the distal radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula

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12
Q

clinical signs of HOD

A

systemic illness
swelling of distal metaphysis
secondary angular limb deformities

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13
Q

HOD treatment

A

supportive care
- self-limiting

fluids, NSAIDs, opioids

prognosis is good in mild cases, poor in severe cases

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14
Q

HOD signalment

A

young (3-8 months)
large and giant breeds

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15
Q

HOD on radiographs

A

lucent line in the metaphysis that is parallel to the physis

later stage: becomes productive causing widening of the metaphysis + periosteal reaction (flare/collar of bone)

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16
Q

hip dysplasia

A

malformation of the hip joint

major predisposition to DJD

17
Q

hip dysplasia on radiographs - VD w/ hip extension

A
  1. joint conformation: <50% coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum
  2. joint incongruity: non-parallel margins of the subchondral bone of the acetabulum and femoral head
  3. joint instability: subluxation on static rads or DI on pennhip

secondary DJD: enthesiophytes (morgan’s line), femoral neck thickening, osteophytes

18
Q

hip dysplasia on radiographs - penn hip

A

series of stress radiographs that allow measurement of distraction index

large DI = significant instability

19
Q

elbow dysplasia

A

malformation of the elbow joint caused by:
1. OCD of medial humeral condyle
2. medial coronoid process disease
3. ununited anconeal process
4. joint incongruity

20
Q

OCD of humeral condyle/trochlea on radiographs

A

OC lesion (concave lucency) on the medial aspect of the humeral condyles

*best viewed on CT

21
Q

medial coronoid process disease

A

fractures or malformations of the coronoid process of the ulna

22
Q

MCPD on radiographs

A

loss of the medial coronoid process margin (cannot trace the MCP)
surrounding sclerosis
osteophytes at the anconeal process

23
Q

ununited anconeal process

A

anconeal process fails to fuse to the ulna by 6 months old

can NOT diagnose until 6-7 months old

24
Q

UAP on radiographs

A

view: flexed lateral

large, triangular fragment of the anconeal process
surrounding sclerosis

25
Q

elbow joint incongruity

A

any deformity that causes the components of the elbow joint to not be lined up properly

26
Q

retained ulnar cartilage core

A

cores or cones of growth plate cartilage projecting from the distal ulna growth plate into the distal metaphysis

27
Q

clinical signs of RUCC

A

thoracic limb lameness
angular limb deformities

28
Q

RUCC treatment

A

none vs osteotomy

depends on if angular limb deformity occurs

29
Q

RUCC signalment

A

young (3-4 months)
giant breeds

30
Q

RUCC on radiographs

A

“flame” shaped lucency in the distal ulnar physis extending into the metaphysis

+/- sclerosis of the ulnar metaphysis

VET 433: Musculoskeletal (7 decks)

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