Justice & Global Issues Exam 2 Flashcards
Relativism
The moral norms and practices always arise from and are understandable only w/in certain contexts.
Values (including moral values) are nothing more than the customs and norms of a particular society.
Argument from difference: morality is culturally dependant because there is no one “objective” moral value or set of values in the world independant of those endorsed by particular societies or communities. There are different moral practices in different places and at different times.
Utilitarianism
Form of consequentialism
What matters is the results; all other factors are irrelevant.
The correct social and moral goal is to make as many people as happy as possible. Greatest good for the greatest number.
No partiality or special treatment is morally acceptable.
An action is morally required only if it produces the most overall wellbeing
Utilitarians also think about how an act affects the future
Kantianism
Automony is the fundamental principle that overrides all others.
Only applies to competent persons (excludes children)
The limit to autonomy is another person’s autonomy
The other principles matter when participants agree to let them matter (consent).
Kantians think equality is about respect, happiness is subjective, and some people do not wish to be happy.
Kantians would agree that there should be basic human rights as long as they are based on autonomy.
Murder interferes with autonomy so it is wrong
Would not switch the trolly to save lives
Globalization is good
Virtue Ethics
