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solar system > Jupiter > Flashcards

Jupiter Flashcards

1
Q

What is the volume of jupiter compared to earth?

A

1330 x

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2
Q

what is the mass of jupiter compared to earth?

A

318 x (2/3 total mass of all planets)

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3
Q

how long does it take for jupiter to orbit the sun? mean distance?

A

12 years, 5.2 AU (780 million km)

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4
Q

what is the density?

A

only 1.33 g/cm^3 (gas giant)

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5
Q

what does jupiter look like through a telescope?

A

flattened yellow ish disc crossed by dark streaks ‘‘cloud belts’’ and bright bands ‘‘zones’’.

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6
Q

what is the length of a jovian day?

A

less than 10 hours, spins fast

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7
Q

what are the observable effects on jupiter regarding rotation?

A

1: rapid spin cause planet to be flattened slightly. Equator budges out, producing elipsoidal shape.
2: jupiter is gaseous does not spin same way as a solid body. outer regions of planet spin differently, surface goes round quicker at equator than poles.

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8
Q

what is the equatorial diameter of jupiter?

A

142800 km

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9
Q

what is the polar diameter ?

A

134200 km

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10
Q

what is the speed of travel for the equator?

A

4500 km/h

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11
Q

when was the pioneer 10 and 11 launched and what did they study?

A

late 1973, late 1974. studied atmosphere, magnetic field and radiation belts and satellites. flyby

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12
Q

when was the voyager 1 and 2 launched and what did they study?

A

march and july 1979. similar search to pioneer but higher resolution. 30,000 images taken. flyby

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13
Q

when did Galileo launch and what did it study?

A

october 1989, arrived december 1995 and orbited. encountered two asteroids. entry probe descended to atmosphere. observed satellites in more detail than voyager.

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14
Q

when did new horizons fly by jupiter?

A

2007 on way to pluto

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15
Q

when did juno launch and what did it study?

A

july 2016, took measurements of gravitational field, magnetosphere and trying to establish whether rocky core

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16
Q

what is the atmosphere of jupiter like?

A

similar to sun, 86% hydrogen, 14% helium and traces of water vapour and methane and ammonia.

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17
Q

how cold are the cloud tops?

A

-140 degrees

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18
Q

what are the belts and zones caused by?

A

molecular composition, due to small diff in temp and pressure

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19
Q

what are the wind speeds near equator?

A

350 km/h

20
Q

what is the current diameter of great red spot?

A

14,000 km, getting smaller was 18,000

21
Q

what is the surface like of Jupiter?

A

thin layer of clouds, no solid surface 1000 km thick

22
Q

what is the structure of jupiter a third way to the centre? what is the pressure and temp?

A

zone of liquid molecular hydrogen. Pressure 3 million atmospheres, temp over 10000 degrees

23
Q

what is the structure of the core of jupiter? what is the pressure and temp?

A

14000 km in radius.
could consist of rocky material that captured gas which the planet is made up of. pressure 100 million atmospheres. temp 30, 000 degrees.

24
Q

what is the mass of jupiter in comparison to earth?

A

mass could be 10 to 20 times of earth

25
Q

how small is jupiter getting every year?

A

2cm/year. twice the size when it formed

26
Q

why does jupiter emit twice as much energy (IF) as it recieves from the sun.

A

the contraction releases gravitational potential energy.

27
Q

why is jupiter named a failed star?

A

never become hot enough to ignite its nuclear fuel (brown dwarf)

28
Q

how many solar masses are jupiter?

A

0.001

29
Q

what is the radiation at the cloud tops in relation to earth?

A

ten times

30
Q

how many satellites does jupiter have?

A

79 satellites

31
Q

what do tidal forces do for io?

A

cause surface to flex and friction produces heat to make interior molten

32
Q

what is io’s rotation like in comparison to orbit?

A

rotation is synchronous with orbit

33
Q

how is heat released on io?

A

through crust as volcanic eruptions. most geologically active object in solar system.

34
Q

when was an active volcano seen?

A

4 march 1979 by voyager 1

35
Q

what is the features of io s active volcano?

A

rising 280 km above surface. Consisting of sulfur particles. 8 eruptions seem by voyager 1.

36
Q

what is the surface composition of io?

A

sulfur, crust sulfur and sulfur dioxide. interior molten sillicates, solid core

37
Q

why cant io retain an atmosphere?

A

low escape velocity

38
Q

how is the io torus formed?

A

sulfur rich gas from volcanoes ionised by charged particles- subjected to effects of jupiters magnetic field. rapid rotation fulls this ahead of io forming doughnut shape

39
Q

what are the features of europa?

A

whitish, no volancoes and not many craters, smooth.
has bright and dark lines

surface is ice- only 3 craters
18-25km in diameter

silicate core- icry crust about 10-30 km- slushy water underneath about 100km

40
Q

what is the earth mass of europa?

A

10-20

41
Q

which is the largest moon?

A

ganymede

42
Q

features of ganymede?

A

large darkish region- galileo regio.

craters - ray systems and brighter regions.

differentiated core and magnetic field
surface icy but dirty with age.

interior- ice crust less than 100km thick
maybe has huge salty ocean
then rocky mantle and iron-rich core- partially liquid

43
Q

what is the diameter of ganymede?3

A

3200 km

44
Q

how old is callisto?

A

4000 million years old

45
Q

what are the features of callisto?

A

dirty ice surface
craters
some have rays
some large cenentric rings (valhalla north of equator)
formed from impact- shock waves formed by melting and refreezing of ice

46
Q

what is the interior like of callisto?

A

partially differentiated
little tidal heating
thick crust of ice and rock 200-300km deep
thick mantle of water or soft ice 1000km deep- maybe salty ocean.
silicate rocky core 1200 km radius

47
Q

how was jupiters ring confirmed? what are their features?

A

voyager 1 and 2

radius 2-4 times that of jupiter, no more than 30km thick.

solar system (9 decks)

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