Jupiter

Question 1

What is the volume of jupiter compared to earth?

Answer 1

1330 x

Question 2

what is the mass of jupiter compared to earth?

Answer 2

318 x (2/3 total mass of all planets)

Question 3

how long does it take for jupiter to orbit the sun? mean distance?

Answer 3

12 years, 5.2 AU (780 million km)

Question 4

what is the density?

Answer 4

only 1.33 g/cm^3 (gas giant)

Question 5

what does jupiter look like through a telescope?

Answer 5

flattened yellow ish disc crossed by dark streaks ‘‘cloud belts’’ and bright bands ‘‘zones’’.

Question 6

what is the length of a jovian day?

Answer 6

less than 10 hours, spins fast

Question 7

what are the observable effects on jupiter regarding rotation?

Answer 7

1: rapid spin cause planet to be flattened slightly. Equator budges out, producing elipsoidal shape.
2: jupiter is gaseous does not spin same way as a solid body. outer regions of planet spin differently, surface goes round quicker at equator than poles.

Question 8

what is the equatorial diameter of jupiter?

Answer 8

142800 km

Question 9

what is the polar diameter ?

Answer 9

134200 km

Question 10

what is the speed of travel for the equator?

Answer 10

4500 km/h

Question 11

when was the pioneer 10 and 11 launched and what did they study?

Answer 11

late 1973, late 1974. studied atmosphere, magnetic field and radiation belts and satellites. flyby

Question 12

when was the voyager 1 and 2 launched and what did they study?

Answer 12

march and july 1979. similar search to pioneer but higher resolution. 30,000 images taken. flyby

Question 13

when did Galileo launch and what did it study?

Answer 13

october 1989, arrived december 1995 and orbited. encountered two asteroids. entry probe descended to atmosphere. observed satellites in more detail than voyager.

Question 14

when did new horizons fly by jupiter?

Answer 14

2007 on way to pluto

Question 15

when did juno launch and what did it study?

Answer 15

july 2016, took measurements of gravitational field, magnetosphere and trying to establish whether rocky core

Question 16

what is the atmosphere of jupiter like?

Answer 16

similar to sun, 86% hydrogen, 14% helium and traces of water vapour and methane and ammonia.

Question 17

how cold are the cloud tops?

Answer 17

-140 degrees

Question 18

what are the belts and zones caused by?

Answer 18

molecular composition, due to small diff in temp and pressure

Question 19

what are the wind speeds near equator?

Answer 19

350 km/h

Question 20

what is the current diameter of great red spot?

Answer 20

14,000 km, getting smaller was 18,000

Question 21

what is the surface like of Jupiter?

Answer 21

thin layer of clouds, no solid surface 1000 km thick

Question 22

what is the structure of jupiter a third way to the centre? what is the pressure and temp?

Answer 22

zone of liquid molecular hydrogen. Pressure 3 million atmospheres, temp over 10000 degrees

Question 23

what is the structure of the core of jupiter? what is the pressure and temp?

Answer 23

14000 km in radius.
could consist of rocky material that captured gas which the planet is made up of. pressure 100 million atmospheres. temp 30, 000 degrees.

Question 24

what is the mass of jupiter in comparison to earth?

Answer 24

mass could be 10 to 20 times of earth

Question 25

how small is jupiter getting every year?

Answer 25

2cm/year. twice the size when it formed

Question 26

why does jupiter emit twice as much energy (IF) as it recieves from the sun.

Answer 26

the contraction releases gravitational potential energy.

Question 27

why is jupiter named a failed star?

Answer 27

never become hot enough to ignite its nuclear fuel (brown dwarf)

Question 28

how many solar masses are jupiter?

Answer 28

0.001

Question 29

what is the radiation at the cloud tops in relation to earth?

Answer 29

ten times

Question 30

how many satellites does jupiter have?

Answer 30

79 satellites

Question 31

what do tidal forces do for io?

Answer 31

cause surface to flex and friction produces heat to make interior molten

Question 32

what is io's rotation like in comparison to orbit?

Answer 32

rotation is synchronous with orbit

Question 33

how is heat released on io?

Answer 33

through crust as volcanic eruptions. most geologically active object in solar system.

Question 34

when was an active volcano seen?

Answer 34

4 march 1979 by voyager 1

Question 35

what is the features of io s active volcano?

Answer 35

rising 280 km above surface. Consisting of sulfur particles. 8 eruptions seem by voyager 1.

Question 36

what is the surface composition of io?

Answer 36

sulfur, crust sulfur and sulfur dioxide. interior molten sillicates, solid core

Question 37

why cant io retain an atmosphere?

Answer 37

low escape velocity

Question 38

how is the io torus formed?

Answer 38

sulfur rich gas from volcanoes ionised by charged particles- subjected to effects of jupiters magnetic field. rapid rotation fulls this ahead of io forming doughnut shape

Question 39

what are the features of europa?

Answer 39

whitish, no volancoes and not many craters, smooth. has bright and dark lines surface is ice- only 3 craters 18-25km in diameter silicate core- icry crust about 10-30 km- slushy water underneath about 100km

Question 40

what is the earth mass of europa?

Answer 40

10-20

Question 41

which is the largest moon?

Answer 41

ganymede

Question 42

features of ganymede?

Answer 42

large darkish region- galileo regio. craters - ray systems and brighter regions. differentiated core and magnetic field surface icy but dirty with age. interior- ice crust less than 100km thick maybe has huge salty ocean then rocky mantle and iron-rich core- partially liquid

Question 43

what is the diameter of ganymede?3

Answer 43

3200 km

Question 44

how old is callisto?

Answer 44

4000 million years old

Question 45

what are the features of callisto?

Answer 45

dirty ice surface craters some have rays some large cenentric rings (valhalla north of equator) formed from impact- shock waves formed by melting and refreezing of ice

Question 46

what is the interior like of callisto?

Answer 46

partially differentiated little tidal heating thick crust of ice and rock 200-300km deep thick mantle of water or soft ice 1000km deep- maybe salty ocean. silicate rocky core 1200 km radius

Question 47

how was jupiters ring confirmed? what are their features?

Answer 47

voyager 1 and 2 | radius 2-4 times that of jupiter, no more than 30km thick.