Jugular venous pressure waves Flashcards
What causes the “a wave” in the jugular venous pulse?
Right atrial contraction (systole).
What causes the “x descent” in the jugular venous pulse?
atrial relaxation following the “a wave.”
What causes the “c wave” in the jugular venous pulse?
interruption of the x descent, caused by the transmitted carotid pulse; it is rarely observed clinically.
What causes the “v wave” in the jugular venous pulse?
right atrial filling during ventricular systole when the tricuspid valve is closed.
What causes the “y descent” in the jugular venous pulse?
the rapid filling of the right ventricle during ventricular diastole before atrial contraction.
What does a dominant “a wave” in the CVP waveform indicate?
Pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid stenosis, or pulmonary stenosis.
What does a “cannon a wave” in the CVP waveform indicate?
Complete heart block or ventricular tachycardia with atrio-ventricular dissociation.
What does a dominant “v wave” in the CVP waveform suggest?
Tricuspid regurgitation.
What does an absent “x descent” in the CVP waveform indicate?
Atrial fibrillation.
What does an exaggerated “x descent” in the CVP waveform suggest?
Pericardial tamponade or constrictive pericarditis
What does a sharp “y descent” in the CVP waveform indicate?
Severe tricuspid regurgitation or constrictive pericarditis.
What does a slow “y descent” in the CVP waveform suggest?
Tricuspid stenosis or atrial myxoma.
What does prominent “x and y descent” in the CVP waveform indicate?
Right ventricular infarction.
