Judicial Branch/Supreme Court Test

Question 1

Article lll

Answer 1

created a Judicial Branch

Question 2

Dual Court System: Federal and State Courts

Answer 2

Supreme Courts & Inferior Courts

Question 3

Rule of Four

Answer 3

granting a petition for review only if there are at least 4 votes

Question 4

Supreme Court

Answer 4

decisions are final and cannot be appealed

Question 5

Supreme Court Briefs

Answer 5

written documents which attorneys in case can present their legal arguments to the court

Question 6

Majority Opinion

Answer 6

desicision or ruling of the court supported by a majority of the Justices

Question 7

Concurring Opinion

Answer 7

Written by justices who agrees with the majority decision, but of different or additional reasons

Question 8

Dissenting Opinion

Answer 8

Justices disagree with the majority decision and why they disagree

Question 9

Precedent

Answer 9

a principle or rule established in a previous legal case relevant to a court

Question 10

Original Jurisdiction

Answer 10

A court where the case must be heard first

Question 11

Appellate Jurisdiction

Answer 11

A court that hears an appeal of a case decided on by a lower court

Question 12

Exclusive Jurisdiction

Answer 12

A court has sole authority to hear a case

Question 13

Concurrent Jurisdiction

Answer 13

Two or more courts (Federal or state) have the authority to hear a case

Question 14

Grand Jury

Answer 14

23 people selected to examine the trial

Question 15

Petit Jury

Answer 15

Jury of 12 people

Question 16

Plaintiff

Answer 16

The person who takes the case to court

Question 17

Defendant

Answer 17

the person who the case is against

Question 18

Criminal Case

Answer 18

cases where the defendant is charged with a Federal crime

Question 19

District Attorney

Answer 19

known as prosecutors, represent the gov. in criminal cases, and are responsible for ensuring justice.

Question 20

Civil Case

Answer 20

non-criminal cases that involve a dispute between two parties like trademark infringement

Question 21

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 21

Supreme Court declared Congress unconstitutional, establishing judicial review

Question 22

Judicial Review

Answer 22

ability to declare laws or executive actions as unconstitutional

Question 23

Writ of Certiorari

Answer 23

Justices decided which cases they will hear by the rule of 4

Question 24

Writ of Mandamus

Answer 24

legal orders compelling government officials to act under the law