Judicial Branch Flashcards
concurrent jurisdiction
both federal and state courts have jurisdiction
original jurisdiction
the court in which a case is originally tried
appellate jurisdiction
a court or place where people can appeal their case
litigants
people engaged in a lwasuit
due process clause
people cannot be deprived of their rights without a trial
grand jury
a jury of 16 to 23 people, works with prosecutor
indictment
a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime
petit jury
6-12 people
judicial circuits
12 judicial regions each with one appellate court
senatorial courtesy
a president submits the name of a judicial candidate to the senators before submitting it to the senate
riding the circuit
justices travel to hold court within their region
writ of certiorari
an order from the Court to lower courts to send documents up for review
per curiam
a brief, unsigned statement of the court’s decision
brief
written arguments and facts from the attorney
amicus curiae
friends of the court who have a unique or informed view
majority opinion
view of the majority decision
dissenting opinion
opinion of the justices on the losing side
stare decisis
ruling based off of precedent
blocs
liberal and conservative, groups. Comes down to swing votes
Marbury v. Madison
established judicial review
McCulloch v. Maryland
federal government is “supreme in its sphere of action”
Gibbons v. Ogden
Established states could not control interstate commerce
Plessy v. Ferguson
established separate but equal;
Four Legal Principles
a. Equal Justice Under the Lw
b. Due Process
c. Adversary System of Justice
d. Presumed Innocence
