Judges Flashcards
John Jay
1745-1829 American judge y statesman from NY - 1st Chief Justice (1789-1795); 2nd Gov of NY (1795-1801); Minister to Spain (1779-82); Pres of Cont. Congress (1778-79) - Negotiated Treaty of Paris by which Britain recognized American independence - Federalist Party leader - Abolitionist, who granted slaves freedom in NY in 1829
John Marshall
1755-1835 American judge from VA - Longest Chief Justice (1801-1835); 4th Sec of State (1800-01); Rep from VA (Federalist - 1799-1800) - His court opinions helped lay the basis for US constitutional law, y made the Supreme Court a coequal branch of gov along with the legislative y executive - Repeatedly confirmed the supremacy of federal law over state law
William O(rville) Douglas
1898-1980 American judge from MN - Longest term as Supreme Court justice (1939-75); Chairman of SEC (1937-39) - Holds records for most Supreme Court opinions - Appointed by FDR at young age of 40 - Called “the most doctrinaire and committed civil libertarian ever to sit on the court”
Salmon P(ortland) Chase
1808-73 American politician y judge from OH - Chief Justice (1864-73); Sec of Treasury (1861-64); Senator from OH (R - 1849-55, 61); Gov of OH (1856-60) - Introduced 1st paper currency y national bank - Worked with Free Soil Party to destroy the Slave Power attempting to gain control of US Gov
Roger B(rooke) Taney
1777-1864 American judge from MD - Chief Justice (1836-64); Sec of Treasury (1833-34); Attorney General (1831-33); Sec of War (1831) - Jacksonian Democrat - 1st Catholic appointed to Court - Ruled in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) against rights of African-Americans - Declared 1820 Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
(Billings) Learned Hand
1872-1961 American judge from NY - Served on US District Court y US Court of Appeals (chief judge) 1909-51 - Quoted more often by legal scholars y by Supreme Court than any other lower-court judge - Very well respected - Appointed by Calvin Coolidge
Charles Evans Hughes
1862-1948 American Republican statesman from NY - Governor of NY (1907-10); Sec of State (21-25); Chief Justice (30-41) - Ran against Wilson in 1916 Pres election
Louis (Dembitz) Brandeis
1856-1941 Jewish-American judge from KY - Harvard Law - Assoc Supreme Ct Justice 1916-39 - Fought against powerful corporations, monopolies, public corruption, and mass consumerism - Active in Zionist movement
Sandra Day O’Connor
1930- retired associate justice of the Supreme Court from AZ - First woman to serve on the court (1981-2006) - Republican leader in the Arizona Senate (1969-75) - Chancellor of the College of William and Mary (2005-12)
Thurgood Marshall
1908-93 American judge from Baltimore - Served as 1st African-American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1967-91) - Founded the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, y argued Brown v. Board of Education (1954) before the Supreme Court - Served as US Solicitor General (1965-67)
