Judaism and Christianity Flashcards
Community center for prayer and study of Torah; the building in which community meets for these activities
Synagogue
Judaism of the post-biblical pre-modern period (old school Jewish)
Rabbinic
Where did God reveal himself?
Mt. Sinai
Oral Torah and written commentaries
Talmud
the scriptures of Rabbinic Judaism, composed of the Tanak and Talmud (sacred and oral teachings abt. God’s revelation to his people)
Dual Torah
(a binding agreement) btwn. God and Israelites promising God’s protection in exchange for their obedience to God’s commandments
Covenant
Religious commandments or laws of Talmudic Judaism; God’s 613 commandments
Halakkah
God’s commandments requiring deeds of loving kindness
Mitzvot
First built by Solomon; place in Jerusalem where the people Israel worshipped
Temple
One God
Monotheistic
the written Torah, or Hebrew Bible (Torah And Neni’im And Kethuuim
Tanak
What are the Five Books of Moses?
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
Wealthier off-branch; exclusive to Jerusalem; only believed in the Five Books of Moses; all abt. sacrifices in Jerusalem temple
Sadducees
off-branch; teachers in Synagogues; believed in Tanak, 5Moses, and practicing oral traditions; temple sacrifices + Torah and Oral Torah (Mishna)
Phraises
Dispersion of a religious people outside their geographic homeland
Diaspora
non-Jew
Gentile
hostile off-branch of Judaism towards Gentiles and Sadduccees; fought Romans in the name of God
Zealots
writings that form the core of the Talmud
Mishnah
commentary on Mishnah + part of Talmud
Gemara
rite of passage for Jewish boys to become full members of Judaism; bat [ ] for girls
Bar mitzvah
garments w/ fringes to remind Jewish men of covenant
Tzitzit
small leather boxes used to wrap scripture on self before prayer
Tefillin
New years; synagogue service, self-examination
Rosh hashanah
a day of fasting + repentance (J)
Yom kippur
8-day festival; symbolizes hope and God’s love
Hanukkah
Jewish mystical tradition
Kabbalah
intense mystics w/ intense practice; ritual bath purification
Essenes
day of rest on Saturday
Shabbot
ritual bath
Micvah
Jews who don’t accept legitimacy of Oral Torah
Karaite
P.S. Jewish exile was blamed on the sins of Jacob
written in twelfth century; mainly detailed Torah commentary to find ‘deep truths’ (remember the Torah panties thing?)
Zohar
to say a paradox when trying to explain spiritual experiences
Apophasis
True God; without boundaries
Ein sof
title Christians apply to Jesus of Nazareth; from Greek translation of Hebrew word meaning ‘messiah’
Christ
Christian subtype that focused heavily on guilt, relationship w God, rituals and had bishops and pope (hierarchy); priesthood
Catholic
Adam and Eve’s fruit; their sin depended on all of mankind’s miracle post-sin
Original sin
Occurs whenever humans live in accord w/ God’s will
Kingdom of God/Kingdom of Heaven
churches that emphasize direct and personal relationship w God in Christ as necessary for salvation over ritualism and priesthood
Protestantism
the most conservative wing of Evangelical protestants; believes modern science threatens Gospel truths
Fundamentalists
Liberal wing of Evangelical movement; embraced modern science and progress as promoting goals of Kingdom and God on Earth
Modernists
literally “good news” refers to Jesus’ message of salvation in New Testament
Gospel
Jesus’s relative; was out in the woods baptizing ppl then got murdered for preaching Jesus’ words
John the Baptist
belief that Jesus’ll return @ end of time to estabish new heaven and new Earth
Second Coming
animal feeding troth (symbolism of his body being used for food; destroyed for benefit of others)
Manger
babies bound in cloth to stop them from moving; Jesus wrapped in cloth as parallel to Joseph wrapping him in cloth post-mortem
Swaddling cloth
Mary being conceived in her mother’s womb w/o the stain of original sin
Immaculate conception
Jesus born miraculously
Virgin birth
Non-Jewish Christians viewing Jewish ppl as God’s rejected people
Supercession/divine rejection
Jesus’s title; accoridng to Luke 3:38 Jesus is the “Son of Adam, Son of [ ]”
Son of God
negative term for believing in doctrines that were viewed as not part of Bible lore; those who threw around that word viewed themselves as more Catholic
Heresy
God as the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit; God is one God but one God in three persons
Trinity
doctrine that Jesus has divine and human nature coexisting but never mixing
two natures, one person
Under first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine; emperor ruled both church and state; protected Christianity from Roman persecution
Constantinople / Constantinian
Constantine invited bishops across Mediterranean to agree on solid faith– spend several years arguing before agreeing, all invited to Nicea, Greece
Nicene Creed
Sidenote: Rome and Byzantine split into Rome and Byzantine Empires 395 CE– this causes Catholic vs. Orthodox churches in Europe
Don’t even joke lad…
Sidenote: Pope Leo X sells indulgences and is like ‘if you donate to church you’ll get a few years severed off purgatory, which pissed Martin Luther off so he uses printing press to protest this– Catholic church ex-communicates him– Protestantism borne from that
Luther o.g. printing press shitposter 1500’s
Doctrine that humans are saved by faith as a gift from God rather than thru own will & works of obedience
Justification by faith
sociologist Max Weber’s observation that capitalism rose up post-rise of Protestantism
Protestant Ethic
Proving yourself worthy of God to make up for sin
Temporal punishment
Ways to repair your relationship w/ God thru actions; Catholic-specific
Indulgences
Luther decides only Bible can guide his life and beliefs; not a Catholic practice; caused emergence of actually reading scripture
Sola scriptura
idea that God chooses who gets saved and has already decided if you’ll get saved or not; Calvinism
Pre-destination
Sidenote: MASSIVE Catholic vs. Protestant wars break out over Europe killing ~ >17 million people over course of 1500s and eventually Europeans just settled on agreeing on religious beliefs being a private practice– separation of church and state due to these wars
