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World Religions > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

1
Q

The one true divinity, referred to by Jews as Hashem, Adonai, or Elohim

A

God

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2
Q

First biblical characters, exiled from the Garden of Eden after they defied God’s commandment by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge

A

Adam and Eve

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3
Q

Ritual cutting of the male foreskin and sign of the covenant between God and Abraham

A

Circumcision (bris)

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4
Q

Hebrew Bible patriarch and father of the so-called Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

A

Abraham

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5
Q

Influential biblical story narrating the escape of Moses and the Israelites from slavery in Egypt to freedom in the promised land

A

Exodus

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6
Q

The most important figure in the history of Judaism, who led the Exodus of the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and received the Torah on Mount Sinai

A

Moses

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7
Q

Jewish dietary laws

A

Kashrut

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8
Q

Coming-of-age ritual for Jewish boys

A

Bar mitzvah (“son of the commandment”)

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9
Q

Coming-of-age ritual for Jewish girls

A

Bat mitzvah (“daughter of the commandment”)

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10
Q

Figure who will come at the end of times, restore the Jews to the promised land, rebuild the temple, and inaugurate a peaceful and just world to come

A

Messiah

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11
Q

Mandate to work to heal what is broken in the world

A

Tikkun Olam (“repair the world”)

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12
Q

Belief that there is only one god

A

Monotheism

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13
Q

Jewish creed, beginning, “Hear, O Israel”

A

Shema

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14
Q

Form of single-god belief that describes God as lawgiver and judge and emphasizes religion’s ethical dimension

A

Ethical monotheism

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15
Q

The written law of the Tanakh and the oral law of the Talmud

A

Torah (“teaching”)

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16
Q

Written Torah; acronym for its three parts: Torah (“Teaching”), Neviim (“Prophets”), and Ketuvim (“Writings”)

A

Tanakh (also TaNKh)

17
Q

Authoritative collection of Torah interpretations

A

Talmud (“learning”)

18
Q

Holiday commemorating the Exodus story

A

Passover (Pesach)

19
Q

Jewish law

A

Halacha

20
Q

Proto-Jewish religious tradition focused on priestly sacrifice in the Jerusalem Temple

A

Israelite religion

21
Q

Religious tradition that followed Israelite religion and developed while the Second Temple was standing from 515 B.C. to 70 B.C.; it helped produce rabbinic Judaism

A

Second Temple Jerusalem

22
Q

Textually oriented religious tradition of Jews today that developed around the time of the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 B.C.

A

Rabbinic Judaism

23
Q

Early rabbi whose debates with Shammai play a central role in the Talmud

A

Hillel

24
Q

Jewish mystical tradition rooted in the Zohar

A

Kabbalah

25
Q

Orthodox school of the “pious”, which emphasizes prayer over study and the heart over the head

A

Hasidism

26
Q

Movement to create a Jewish nation-state, which resulted in the creation of Israel in 1948

A

Zionism

27
Q

Systematic persecution and mass murder of Jews in concentration camps by Nazi Germany and its collaborators before and during World War II

A

Holocaust (also Shoah, or “Catastrophe”)

28
Q

Quorum of ten adult Jews, traditionally men, required for group prayer

A

Minyan

29
Q

Strictly Orthodox Jews, sometimes referred to as the ultra-Orthodox

A

Haredim

30
Q

Passover meal

A

Seder

31
Q

Jewish New Year

A

Rosh Hashanah

32
Q

Day of Atonement; a major Jewish holiday

A

Yom Kippur

33
Q

Jewish Festival of Lights, which lasts for 8 days

A

Hanukkah

34
Q

Religious obligations; good deed; commandment

A

Mitzvah

35
Q

7 days of mourning after burial

A

Shiva

36
Q

Capital of Israel; sacred city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims; and the site of the First and Second Temples and the Western Wall

A

Jerusalem

37
Q

People of God and nation-state founded in 1948

A

Israel

38
Q

Day of rest observed on the 7th day of the week, between Friday and Saturday at sundown

A

Shabbat (Sabbath)

39
Q

King who united Israel’s northern and southern kingdoms

A

David

World Religions (5 decks)

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