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World Religions > Christianity > Flashcards

Christianity Flashcards

1
Q

Belief in one God who appears in human form, as distinct from the strict monotheism of Muslims and Jews, who reject the descent of the divine into a human body

A

Soft monotheism

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2
Q

Greek term for Messiah in Hebrew and the title Christians give to Jesus

A

Christ

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3
Q

New Testament books that tell stories of Jesus’s life, namely, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John

A

Four Gospels

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4
Q

Virgin mother of Jesus and the most revered of Christian saints

A

Mary

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5
Q

Both a state of separation from God and an act of wrongdoing; said by Christians to be wiped away by the death of Jesus on the cross

A

Sin

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6
Q

Liberation from sin, the Christian religious goal

A

Salvation

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7
Q

One of the three main Christian branches, particularly strong in Latin America, which looks to the authority of the pope in Rome

A

Roman Catholicism

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8
Q

One of the three main branches of Christianity, which grew out of the Reformation and traditionally emphasizes faith over works and biblical authority over church tradition

A

Protestantism

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9
Q

One of the three main branches of Christianity, particularly strong Eastern Europe, which honors the Patriarch of Constantinople (Istanbul)

A

Eastern Orthodoxy

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10
Q

A religious subgroup of organizations that operate under a common name, such as Methodism or Episcopalianism

A

Denomination

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11
Q

Portion of the Christian Bible written in Hebrew and borrowed from the Jewish tradition, which refers to its books as the Hebrew Bible

A

Old Testament

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12
Q

Portion of the Christian Bible written in Greek and focused on the life of Jesus and the history of the Jesus movement, including the Four Gospels, Acts, various epistles (or letters), and Revelation

A

New Testament

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13
Q

Reconciliation of human beings with God, made possible by the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross

A

Atonement

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14
Q

A central Christian term that originally referred to “trust” but is now typically understood to refer to “belief”. Protestants affirm that salvation comes by “faith alone” and not by works.

A

Faith

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15
Q

Worship service consisting of the consumption of bread and wine and commemorating both the Last Supper of Jesus with his followers and the death of Jesus by crucifixion; also called the Mass, Divine Liturgy, and Holy Communion

A

Eucharist

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16
Q

Sixteenth-century movement that, by challenging the authority of priests, popes, and the Roman Catholic Church, ultimately created Protestantism as its own Christian branch

A

Reformation

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17
Q

Sacred image of Christ or a saint believed by Eastern Orthodox Christians to facilitate contact with the subject of the image

A

Icon (“image”)

18
Q

Bishop of Rome and, according to Roman leader of the Christian church on earth

A

Pope

19
Q

Popular Catholic saint in the Spanish-speaking world. Her basilica in Mexico City is the world’s most visited Christian pilgrimage site.

A

Our Lady of Guadalupe

20
Q

Belief accepted as correct by church leaders, as contrasted with heresy, or unacceptable belief

A

Orthodoxy (“right doctrine”)

21
Q

Christian doctrine that there are three persons (Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit) in one

A

Trinity

22
Q

Christian doctrine that Jesus is God who was embodied in human form and lived died as a human being

A

Incarnation

23
Q

Protestants who worked, first in England and the Netherlands and later in New England, to “purify” Christianity of lingering Roman Catholic influences

A

Puritans

24
Q

Christians, including Episcopalians in the United States, who trace their roots to the founding of the Church of England by King Henry VIII

A

Anglicans

25
Q

Roman Catholic doctrine that the bread and wine used in the Mass re ritually transformed into the actual body and blood of Jesus Christ

A

Transubstantiation

26
Q

Central rituals for Roman Catholics and orthodox Christians, namely, baptism, confirmation, (or christmation for the orthodox), Eucharist (or the Divine Liturgy), confession, anointing of the sick (or holy auction), marriage, and ordination

A

Seven sacraments

27
Q

Protestant Reformation slogan affirming the sole authority of the Bible

A

Sola scriptura (“scripture alone”)

28
Q

People who believe that God is like a watchmaker who creates the world and then simply observes its activities without intervening

A

Deists

29
Q

Christians who reject the doctrines of the original sin, the Trinity, and the divinity of Jesus; the Unitarian Universalist Association now includes both Christians and non-Christians

A

Unitarians

30
Q

Protestants who insisted on the independence of each congregation. Dominant in New England beginning in the colonial period, they are now active in the United States in the United church of Christ

A

Congregationalists

31
Q

Protestants who emphasize conversion, biblical inspiration, atoning death of Jesus, and Christian activism

A

Evangelicals

32
Q

Protestants, classically evangelicals, who trace their roots to John and Charles Wesley and empathize the power of the Holy Spirit to change lives

A

Methodists

33
Q

Protestants, classically evangelicals, who insist on adult baptism by immersion and the independence of local congregations

A

Baptists

34
Q

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, founded by Joseph Smith Jr. and now headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah

A

Mormons

35
Q

Liberal Protestant movement that saw sin and salvation as social and worked to address structural injustice

A

Social Gospel

36
Q

Modern Protestants who reject biblical criticism and evolutionary theory and interpret the Bible literally. Though fervently opposed to modernity, they have creatively employed modern technologies, included radio, television, and the internet

A

Fundamentalists

37
Q

Theological school that depicts Jesus as a prophet on the side of the oppressed and emphasizes action over theory

A

Latin America liberation theology

38
Q

Theological school that draws on the civil rights and black power movements and focuses on Jesus as a “Black Messiah” of liberation

A

Black liberation theology

39
Q

Theological school that critiques patriarchal god language and develops resources for women’s liberation in Christianity and other religions

A

Feminist theology

40
Q

Participants in a 20th century American Protestant movement distinguished by its affirmation of both the baptism of the Holy Spirit as a second experience of grace (after conversion) and the gifts that comes with that experiment, including speaking in tongues

A

Pentecostals

World Religions (5 decks)

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