Judaism Flashcards
Shabbat
Jewish Sabbath, from Friday at sundown until Saturday at sundown.
Kiddush
Ceremonial family blessing and meal friday night to welcome Sabbath
Challah (Hallah)
The special braided bread baked specially for the Sabbath meal.
Havdalah
family ceremony to mark the end of the Sabbath.
Kashrut
(noun) the term which describes the Jewish “kosher” dietary laws.
Kosher
(adjective) describes food as fit or proper in Judaism.
Treif (trayf)
Means “torn” - describes un-kosher food.
Pareve (parve)
describes foods which are considered “neutral.”
Brit Mila (bris)
covenant Biblical circumcision for Jewish males.
Bar Mitzvah
ceremony where 13-year old Jewish boys become “son of the commandment.”
Bat Mitzvah
In Reform Judaism - similar to Bar Mitzvah for 12-year old girls
Halakah
means “walk” or “way” - describes the body of Jewish law and practice.
Shema
the most sacred prayer in Judaism - repetition in Hebrew of Deuteronomy 6:4-9
Talit (Talis)
Jewish “prayer shawl” with colored bands and fringes.
Talit Katan (small Talis)
a linen undershirt with fringes worn by some orthodox men
Tzitzit
Biblical Hebrew term for “fringe” - the fringes on the Talit prayer shawl
Tefilin (Phylacteries)
Small leather prayer boxes bound to the head and arm during prayer.
Mezuza
means “doorpost” - a small container with a scripture passage inside.
Kippa (Yarmulke)
Jewish “skull cap” worn by males for prayer and sacred occasions.
Shofar
Hebrew term for the ram’s horn blown On Rosh Ha-Shannah and holy occasions.
Menorah
Hebrew term for “lamp” with multiple arms
Rosh Ha-Shannah
Jewish New Year - the beginning day of the month of fall holidays.
Yom Kipper
Biblical day of Atonement, a solemn day of fasting in Judaism.
High Holy Days
Rosh Ha-Shannah, followed by Yom Kipper ten days later
Sukkot (Sukkos)
Week-long feast of Tabernacles (or Booths) each fall
Shemini Atzeret
The “eighth” additional holiday right after the seven days of Sukkot
Simhat Torah
The “Joyful Day of Torah” at the end of the Sukkot Week each fall.
Pessah/ Pessach
biblical spring festival of Passover (unleavened bread)
Seder
ritual feast of Passover - the term means “order”
Shavuot/ Shavuos
the Biblical Feast of Weeks, early summer festival 50 days after Pessah
Tisha Be-Av
The “Ninth of Av” - summer day of mourning the destruction of the temple.
Hanakah/ Chanakah
means “dedication” - refers to the Winter “Feast of Dedication”
Hanakiah
the specific term for the nine-armed Hanakah Menorah
Dreidel
small, four-sided top which children play with at Hanakah
Purim (Lots)
The early Spring celebration involving the reading of the story of Esther.
Kabalah
the term for mystical/ magical Jewish traditions of the middle ages
synagogue
the Jewish meeting house/ house of worship/ house of assembly
Dates for the first temple period
1000-586 BC
Dates for second temple period
587 BC-70 CE
What years did Assyria attack Israel? Describe the final attack?
732 BC, 724 BC, 701 BC - in 701 BC, over 200,000 people of all twelve tribes were carried away captive. Only about 20,000 remained in Israel.
What tribe/ tribes are Jews descended from?
All twelve!
What year was the first Hanakah?
164 BC
3 different groups of Jews that came about after 150 BC?
Pharisees, Sadduccees, Essene
The Messiah?
The anointed one, lineage of King David, Independence of Israel, Usher in Redemption era, Reign as king over ISrael,
Pharisees
Very diverse in religious terms, 2 major schools of thought - Beit Hillel/ Gamliel, Beit Shammai
when was Jerusalem destroyed? What were results?
70 CE, over 40% of Jews were killed.Only Pharisees survived as Judaism
Misneh
the “Oral Law” delivered to Moses (not written) Put together in 200 CE, also technically considered to be part of Torrah
Gemara
Rabis put together their thoughts on the written Misneh after 3 centuries.
Talmud
Misneh and Gemara together
