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Judaism Flashcards

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1
Q

What does shekhinah mean

A

The place where God’s presence rests and can be felt

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2
Q

What does Messiah mean

A

The anointed one who Jews believe will bring in a new era or age for humankind.

This will include rebuilding the Temple and bringing an age of universal peace

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3
Q

What does Mitzvot mean

A

The term has a mix of meanings. It is often used to refer to duties (such as the 613 in the Torah ) and good deeds

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4
Q

What is a covenant

A

A promise or agreement between two parties. Covenants were made between God and Moses, Abraham and Noah

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5
Q

What is a synagogue

A

House of assembly; building for Jewish public prayer , study and assembly

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6
Q

What is kosher

A

(‘Fit’ or ‘proper’) Foods that are permitted to be eaten according to Leviticus chapter 11.
It is also used to refer to the purity of ritual objects such as Torah scrolls

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7
Q

What is the Torah

A

The five Books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy).
Regarded as the holiest books of the Tenakh

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8
Q

What is Shabbat

A

Day of spiritual renewal and rest.

Beginning at sunset on Friday and closing at nightfall on Saturday

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9
Q

What is Bat/Bar Mitzvah

A

Bat mitzvah- a girl officially becoming a Jewish adult this happens when she is about 12 years old

Bar mitzvah- a boy officially becoming a Jewish adult

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10
Q

Passover

A

Celebration if when Moses freed the Jews from slavery in Egypt

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11
Q

What do Jews eat at the Passover

A

The Seder meal which is the first meal of Passover to remind them of life for the slaves

They only eat unleavened bread (not risen bread) as the time of the Exodus they left so fast their bread didn’t rise

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12
Q

What do Jews do on Shabbat

A

They don’t do any work what so ever and always clean the house up the day before

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13
Q

How is Jerusalem important for Jews

A

Jerusalem is the holiest place for Jews as they believe this is where he Ten Commandments were kept

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14
Q

What does monotheistic mean

A

This is a religion that believes that there is only one God for examples Jewish people are monotheistic as they only believe in one God

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15
Q

What is shema

A

This is a Jewish prayer affirming belief in one God, it is found in the Torah

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16
Q

Jewish beliefs about God

A

-They say his existence is accepted without question
-they do not need proof for how God exists
-the Torah begins with stating
“In the beginning God created …”
-it does not tell us who God is or how he was created

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17
Q

More Jewish beliefs about God

- beliefs about the Torah

A
  • Some Jews prefer not to write the word God for a sign of respect. Rather they write G_d
  • any name containing the Hebrew name of God is treated with respect and is never destroyed or thrown away
  • when the Torah is too old to be used it is kept in a special place in the synagogue before being properly buried in a Jewish cemetery
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18
Q

When is the prayer Shema said

A

It is said every morning and evening

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19
Q

What does the Shema state and what does it state about God

A

It states the basic belief of Jews which is this there is only one G-d (monotheism)

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20
Q

What do Jews believe that God had done to the universe

A

They believe that G_d his the creator and designer of the universe

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21
Q

Why would Jews use the word ‘Hashem’ and what does it mean

A

When speaking about God, Jews often use the word ‘Hashem’ which means ‘the name,’ because when speaking of THE ONE we should not use his name unnecessarily

Jews believe that G-d is holy which means special, sacred and to be respected

G-d’s rules are to be followed and obeyed

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22
Q

Explain the belief that G-d is one

A

There is only one God in Judaism.

This is stated in the Shema: ‘Lord is one’

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23
Q

Explain the belief that God is the creator

A
  • In Genesis 1 it says G-d created the world in 7 stages. (‘And God said, “let there be light”)
  • Genesis also tells us about the creation of humanity, (“so God created mankind in his own image”)
  • it shows us how God gave humans dominion (control) over the earth (“They may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky”)
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24
Q

Explain the belief that God is law-giver and Judge

A

In Exodus 20, God gave the Jews the 10 commandments , stating with “you shall have no other gods before me.”

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25
Q

what is another name for the Messiah

A

Mashiach

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26
Q

what will the arrival of the Messiah signal

A

his arrival will signal the end of the world

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27
Q

who will the Messiah be descended from

A

King David

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28
Q

when the Messiah comes, what will fill the world

A

knowledge of G_d will will fill the world

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29
Q

what will the Messiah re-build

A

the Temple

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30
Q

what will change about life, once the Messiah comes

A

the world is only temporary and will change one day. It will become a spiritual world that is full of peace

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31
Q

what do Reform Jews reject the idea of

A

they reject the idea of a personal Messiah at whose coming all the righteous dead would arise and live in bliss

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32
Q

what does the Torah say about the Messiah?

quotes to use….

A

“the messiah would come.”

“the messiah would be greater than David.”

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33
Q

How jews believe that they can spot the messiah

A
  • he will save the jews
  • he would be a saviour
  • enemies of the jews will be defeated
  • he will be a descendant of king David
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34
Q

why is the shekhinah important

A

because it keeps the presence of God with the jews as they travelled and maintained their connection

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35
Q

what does the word shekhinah come from

what does it mean

A

comes from the word ‘shakan.’

means God’s dwelling on earth

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36
Q

what do ORTHODOX jews believe about the nature of god

A

-believe that the 7 days of creation story is 100% factual and reject scientific theories like the theory of evolution

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37
Q

why do ORTHDOX jews believe that everything in the torah is factual and correct

A
  • because god gave them life on earth and so they are loyal to him
  • because god has direct power and influence over what happens in the world
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38
Q

what do REFORM jews beleive about the nature of god

A
  • believe that god created the universe and everything in it

- however, they do accept some scientific theories as it may be correct in some ways

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39
Q

why do REFORM jews believe in scientific theories

A
  • because god was the being that made the process of evolution
  • because god may have not actually took 7 days to create the world
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40
Q

what is the idea of the big bang theory

A

the idea that there was on single atom that exploded and created the earth

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41
Q

what does god command does god give to adam and eve in genesis 2

if adam and even were not to listen, what did god say he would do

A

“dont eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil that grows in the garden of eden”

“you must not touch or you will die”

42
Q

what is the story of the fall

A
  • when adam and eve were tempted by a serpent (the devil) to eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil against god’s will
  • the serpent tricks adam and eve into eating from the tree of knowledge because it will make them “like god”or it may make them “Knowledgeable like god”
43
Q

why is the celebration of shabbat so important and how is it linked to creation

A
  • it is a day of rest and a celebration of creation

- as god rested on the 7th day, orthodox jews do not wish to work on that day

44
Q

how are orthodox jews different to reform jews

A

orthodox jews are more strict and they follow all the 613 mitzvot

refrom jews are more laid back and think that the torah is a bit old dated and so they do not need to follow all the 613 mitzvot nor wear strict clothing in the synagogue

45
Q

what is stewardship

A

the idea that humans have a duty and a responsibility to take care of the earth and the animals in a responsible way

46
Q

what is dominion

A

having control over the earth and managing gods creation

47
Q

who was given the 10 commandments

A

prophet moses

48
Q

why are the 10 commandments so important

A

because it is the way that god wants humans to behave and be good in order for them to be good jews

it is a way for jews to build a strong relationship with god

49
Q

what does rosh hashanah celebrate

A

the creation of the world

50
Q

how many days does rosh hashanah last for and why is it important for jews

A
  • 10 days
  • important because jews can spend time making up for all the bad deeds they have done and ask for forgiveness, It allows jews time to reflect
51
Q

where do jews believe the shekinah is

A

in the “wailing wall”

52
Q

what is the wailing wall

A

it is a wall in Jerusalem that is part of the ruins of the very first temple which was built after the divine presence of god guided the israelities out out slavery from egypt

53
Q

what is the original sin

A

the ‘evil’ or ‘sin’ that is innate in all human beings as a consequence of The Fall

54
Q

where do orthodox jews believe where the shekinah is

A

in the wailing wall in Jerusalem

55
Q

where do reform jews believe the shekinah is

A

they believe it is with them when jewish people are together

56
Q

what did god tell moses to do

A
  • he told moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt in search of the promised land (Israel)
  • he also instructed moses to build a temple
57
Q

where does the word shekinah come from and what does it mean

A
  • it comes from the word ‘shakan’ and means god’s dwelling on earth
  • it is also referred to the female qualities of god
58
Q

why is the shekinah important

A

because it keeps the presence god with the jews as they travelled, and maintained their connection

59
Q

why is the messiah important to jews

A

-because if they were loyal to god then an age of peace would be given to them

60
Q

what do orthodox jews believe about the messiah

A
  • believe in the MESSIANIC AGE and that the messiah will come at some point in the future
  • they believe the messiah will be a great leader and wise
61
Q

what do reform jews believe about the messiah

A
  • believe in the messianic age

- believe it refers to a time where all nations will live in peace

62
Q

how would jews no what the messiah looks like (what would his features be)

A
  • he will be a descendant of the great king david but even more powerful
  • he will save all jews from evil
63
Q

what does the torah say about the messiah (quote)

A

“the messiah would come”

64
Q

what was god’s covenant with abraham

A
  • god asked abraham to abandon his way of life and leave his home country.
  • he promised abraham he would be the father of great people and that he would be blessed with a son
  • he also told abraham to sacrfice his son and abraham did so but god stopped him
65
Q

what does god’s covenant with abraham show jews

A
  • that god is powerful and makes things happen
  • covenants can’t be broken
  • god protects people
66
Q

Pickuach Nafesh, what does it mean

A

the obligation to save a life, even if doing so breaks jewish law

67
Q

what does the sanctity of life mean

A

-it means that god gave all life and so all life is holy and sacred, only god has the right to take someone’s life

68
Q

how does the sanctity of life affect a jew’s life on ending life

A
  • it makes them understand that all life is holy, sacred and valuable and only god has the right to take a life away
  • it means that protecting life is a dusty in judaism
69
Q

what does keeping the 613 mitzvot mean to a jew

A
  • keeping the duties given by god to moses
  • doing good deeds
  • reading the torah
70
Q

Why are keeping the mitzvot very important for orthodox Jews

A
  • because they are given by god

- following all the mitzvot are part of the covenant between god and moses

71
Q

what quote in the torah tells us that god wants us to keep all the mitzvot or rules

A

“keep his commandments, decrees and laws.”

72
Q

what do reform jews think about the mitzvot

A
  • they are outdated so we dont have to follow them all

- you cant keep them all but it is a good guide

73
Q

what quote in the torah tells us that god is the creator of life and he can only take it away

A

“without consent you were born, and without your consent you live, and without your consent you die.”

74
Q

what does the torah teach jews about the mitzvot and keeping them

A
  • that god has given us a choice- the choice whether to keep the mitzvot or not
  • judaism teaches us that humans have the free wil to do good and do evil
75
Q

yetzer ha tov

A

the urge to do good

76
Q

yetzer ha ra

A

the urge to do evil

77
Q

what does god say about evil

A

humans are not born evil it is their actions that creates evil in the world

78
Q

what do jews believe about death

A
  • it is part of gods plan
  • judaism teaches that no one should not die alone and that the sick person’s family should make every effort to visit the sick person
79
Q

what is the amidah prayer

A

it is the core of every jewish worship and is known as the “standing prayer”
-people offer their gratitude to god during this prayer
-

80
Q

how do orthodox jews say the amidah prayer

A
  • they mutter it as it is a sign of respect
  • they take 3 steps forward and 3 steps backwards as if they are entering god’s kingdom
  • they rise on their toes like angels
81
Q

how are shabbat services like for orthodox jews

A
  • they are mostly said in Hebrew

- they will sing with no music

82
Q

after shabbat what kind of meal is held

A

-kiddush

83
Q

why do orthodox jews like to say prayers in hebrew

A
  • because it connects all jews worldwide

- and it is the holy language

84
Q

how do reform jews say the shabbat

prayer

A

in the language of the country and they listen to and sing music

85
Q

how do reform jews say the shabbat

prayer

A

in the language of the country and they listen to and sing music

86
Q

judgement

A

the belief that God judges a person based on their actions and either rewards or punishes them as a result

87
Q

resurrection

A

rising from the dead or returning to life

88
Q

olam ha-ba

A

the after-life or world to come

89
Q

what do jews believe about god

A

that it is part of gods plan and only god has the right to take a person’s life away

90
Q

what is it believed that jews should do if a person is dying

A

-the dying person’s family should spend all the time that they can with the dying person and visit them

91
Q

what is brit milah

A

the circumcision of a boy’s foreskin on the 8th day after birth

92
Q

what does bar mitzvah literally mean

A

son of the commandment

93
Q

what does bat mitzvah literally mean

A

daughter of the commandment

94
Q

why is circumcision important to jews and what does it say in the torah

A

-it keeps god’s covenant with abraham

“on the eighth day, the flesh of the foreskin shall be circumcised.” therefore it is an important mitzvot

95
Q

what important ceremony do reform jews celebrate for a naming ceremony

A

brit bat

96
Q

what type of name are jewish children given when they are born

A

a hebrew name which is used at important ceremonies such as marriage and an ordinary name

97
Q

kiddush

A

a prayer sanctioning shabbat and many holy days, it is usually said in hebrew

98
Q

what kind of food can jews eat on shabbat

A

kosher food

99
Q

what is kosher food

A
  • fit and proper for example on shabbat meat and milk can not be mixed together
  • -they cannot kill any animal and so cannot eat any food from animals
100
Q

what quote in the torah describes kosher food

A

“any animal that chews the cud and has a Dover hoof is kosher”

101
Q

what items do orthodox jews wear for ceremonies

A
  • tallit
  • tefillin
  • kippah
102
Q

what do reform jews wear to ceremonies at the synagogue

A

normal every day clothes

religious studies (6 decks)

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