judaism Flashcards
components of a synagogue
Synagogue: means assembly/gathering
- Sabbath= holy day (Friday-Sat Night)
- Orthodox men attend Friday evening
- Reform synagogue have later services so whole family can all go
- Sat morning services are 4 everyone
-Torah is kept in an ark(means container)
Orthodox
Conservative
Reform Judaism
Reform: wanted change
- they mixed with the rest of population(enjoying freedom, interpret scripture in modern view)
- reform jews use both english and hebrew 4 relgious services
- men and women sit together
- Dont believe a messiah will come
Conservative: Some change
Orthodox: no change, more traditional
- follow the Torah exactly how it is
- eat kosher
History of Judaism
How did jewish begin
When Zealots… and empire destroyed…
formed to groups
-Judaism began w/ Abraham and Sarah & covenant w/god
- When zealots (early jews) rose against roman empire, the empire detroyed Judea(birth place of Judaism)
- Empire defeated Judea
- Survivors divided into 2 groups
- Jewish and non jewish
Diaspora 135 CE
-Diaspora means scattering ppl
Romans kicked out jews from Judea resulting them takin refuge to other countries
Three key events in Modern Judaism
- Enlightenment 2. Reform Judaism 3. Holocaust
Enlight 17th century
-this period known as intellectual freedom
-this caused jews to divide into sub groups
Reform jews-conservative(some change)-Orthodox(no change)
Zionism happened after what -Jews moved where -Arabs lived there too and they ....alot -After WW2 -in 1943 arabs invaded
Happened after holocaust
- Jews moved to Palestine to establish a national Jewish state cuz they saw that place as their homeland
- Arabs lived there too so they fought a lot
- After WW2, united nations helped to divide Palestine into an Arab and Jewish community
-in 1943 arabs invaded jews in israel
Scripture
Torah
Talmud
Shema
Torah
the law of God as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures
Talmud
The word “Talmud” is a Hebrew word meaning “learning, instruction.”
Talmud is a text of mainstream Judaism
-The Talmud consists of what are known as the Gemara and the Mishnah.
Shema
First two words of a section in the Torah,
-a prayer that serves as a centerpiece of the morning and evening Jewish prayer services.
Jewish Holidays
Shabbat
- Shabbat is most important of all Jewish holidays.
- day of rest and weekly observance of God’s completion of creation.
- Starts Friday night an hour before sunset, it lasts for 25 hours
Rosh Hashanah
- The Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah) is a holiday with meals to symbolize the new year
Yom Kippur
-Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of making amends
Sukkot
This seven–day festival celebrates the fall harvest and the time when the Hebrews in Sinai wilderness on their way to the Promised Land of Israel
Shemini Atzeret
This holiday literally means the “8th day of assembly.” It after Sukkot,
Simchat Torah
Simchat Torah marks the end and the beginning of the annual Torah reading cycle.
Hanukkah
This beloved 8–day Jewish winter festival
-also celebrates the military victory of the Jewish Maccabees over the powerful Syrian Greek
Tu B’Shevat
-This is the Jewish New Year of the Trees.
Purim
-The name of this holiday means “lots”, so named for the lots that were drawn to determine a dark day in Jewish history.
Celebrations include a public reading of the scroll, giving gifts to friends and to the needy, dressing up in costume, eating a special triangle-shaped pastry,
Passover
This seven or eight day festival of freedom marks the Hebrew exodus from Egypt long ago.
Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Memorial Day) Jews all over the world mourn the loss of six million Jewish lives lost during the Holocaust
Yom HaZikaron (Israeli Memorial Day) Memorial Day, we commemorate the soldiers who have fallen fighting for Israel’s independence
Yom HaAtzmaut (Israeli Independence Day) This holiday celebrates the independence of the Modern State of Israel.
s’more brownieLag B’Omer
This holiday marks the period between Passover and Shavuot.
Shavuot
Shavuot is the holiday celebration of the giving of the Torah to the Jewish people.
Tisha B’Av
The day commemorates the destruction of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem
Tu B’Av
Held six days after the fast day of Tisha B’Av comes a festival of love!
Jewish Symbols of
Mezuzah: box containing torah
-box is nailed on the ride hand side of door post symbolzing their jewish faith
- Hamesh Hand
- represents hand of God
- represents protection against the evil eye (that causes jealousy)
Chai:
- symbolizes judaism’s focus on importance of life and God
- 2 words Cheit and Yod attached together making Chai which means living
Kippah
- covering the head during prayer, SHOWS RESPECT FOR GOD
- worn in synagogue
Menorah
menorah is a symbol of the nation of Israel and mission to be “a light unto the nations.”
- Tefillin: box w/rope containing words from shema tied onto their arms as a reminder
- Tallit: prayer shaul(scarf) to remind them the commandments from the lord
Abraham and Moses
Abraham: God asked Abraham to leave his home and country promising relationship with God, numerous descendants and land.
God told him to offer his son Isaac as a burnt offering to prove his faith
-Moses led the Exodus of the Israelites out of Egypt and found the torah( the law)
Jewish Wedding, Bar mitzvah
Wedding: Symbolize adam and eve
Bar mitzvah: boy reaches 13 and are responsible of following the mitzvot (commandments)
Bat mitzvah: girl reaching 12 years
They have to study the torah
