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World Religions > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

0
Q

Jews consider themselves descended from the __________

A

Patriarchs

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1
Q

God’s covenant

A
  • God’s forms a covenant with Abraham & his descendants, rough which Abraham is to become the father of a great nation bossed by God
  • the covenant is God’s agreement with humankind
  • if Abraham remains faithful to God, then God will reward
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2
Q

The __________ is an important event in Judaism, delivering the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and bringing them to the promised land

A

Exodus

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3
Q

Passover

A
  • the angel of death passed over all the Jewish households that had smeared lamb’s blood on their doorposts
  • during the Passover celebration, the whole family is assembled and passages from Haggadah are read to retell the story of Exodus and the purpose of the Passover
  • Seder Feast
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4
Q

Jewish law = mostly dedicated to the discussion of what is ________, or ritually clean and acceptable

A

Kosher

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5
Q

Ezekiel and Isaiah

A
  • influential during the Israelites exile from Jerusalem

* reminded them that their mission was to spread his message

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6
Q

Nehemiah and Ezra

A

• prominent in reviving and completing the restoration of Jerusalem and its spiritual life after the Babylonian captivity

–> Nehemiah
• repaired wall of Jerusalem

–> Ezra
• priest
• read scripture to them and helped them reform their lives

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7
Q

Diaspora

A

Dispersion of the Jews when they were exiled to Babylonia

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8
Q

The _________ is the 10 adult Jews that are required for certain prayers

A

Minyan

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9
Q

Synagogue

A

Can exist anywhere that there is a copy of the Scripture and 10 adult males

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10
Q

Mishnah

A

All the legal commentary that had been collected since the days of Ezra

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11
Q

Gemara

A

Additional rabbinic teachings on every aspect of Jewish life

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12
Q

Talmud

A
  • An encyclopedic collection of Jewish commentaries
  • considered the literary source of post biblical Judaism

–> Mishnah + Gemara = Talmud

• divided into 2 categories
1) Aggadah
• parables, sayings, sermons, stories
• ethical, inspirational, or explanatory in nature

2) Halaka
• commentary, discussin, and decisions related to Jewish law and practice

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13
Q

The __________ _____________ taught that God could be found only through simple, straightforward faith — not scholarly learning

A

Hasidic movement

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14
Q

The ___________ _______________ deals with elements of the occult and other esoteric subjects not covered in mainstream Judaism. Many groups involved in this movement attempt to predict when the Messiah will come.

A

Kabbalah movement

• discussion of magic, charms, numerology, Angels, demons, witches, etc. all come under the term Kabbalah

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15
Q

The most comprehensive collection of Kabbalah writings is called the _________

A

Zohar

16
Q

Shabbat

A

Jewish sabbath — every week from sundown on Friday to nightfall of Saturday

17
Q

Kiddush

A
  • Following the Shabbat service, Jews have a meal that begins with the Kiddush blessing over a glass of wine
  • includes recitation Genesis 2:1-3
18
Q

Zionism

A
  • began as a general plea for land to create a Jewish state
  • soon they wanted to reclaim Palestine

–> Theodore Herzl
• Australian journalist
• book “Jewish Statein”
• gave the Zionist movement international notice
• believed they would never be treated fairly unless they had a land of their own

19
Q

Nuremberg Laws of 1935

A
  • took away several right from Jews:
  • the right to vote, hold office, marry non-Jews, and to work in most professions

• many Jews tried to leave Germany, but couldn’t go anywhere because of immigration laws in other countries

20
Q

Holocaust

A

–> 6 million Jews killed!!!
• wiped out 1/3 of the Jews in the world
• substantial effect on Jewish theology
• Richard Rubenstein said that “God had died in the Holocaust”
• before the Nazi years, God had answered the Jews cries in persecution, but he didn’t during the Holocaust

21
Q

Orthodox Judaism

A
  • largest group within Judaism
  • strives to preserve traditional Jewish culture and to raisin the secularizing effects of modernity
  • language = Hebrew
  • -> further divided into 2 more sects
    1) Modern Orthodox

2) Hasidic
• mystical
• founded by Israel Ben Eliezer who became known as Baal Shem Tov

22
Q

Reform Judaism

A
  • most modern and liberal branch of Judaism
  • largest denomination of Jews in the U.S.
  • not as strict as the more conservative traditions … does not enforce all of the kosher food laws and Talmudic restrictions
  • DOES NOT accept the Talmud as authoritative, but simply as a historical document
  • Reform Judaism is distinguished by a liberal attitude toward Jewish law and REJECTS virtually all ceremonial & dietary restrictions
23
Q

Conservative Judaism

A
  • branch of Judaism that lies between the strictness of a Orthodox Judaism and Reform Judaism’s excess
  • founder = Rabbi Zecharias Frankel

• attempt to conserve Jewish traditions rather than reform or abandon then

24
Q

Reconstructionist Judaism

A

–> Mordecai Kaplan
• founder
• book: “Judaism as a Civilization”
• call for a “reconstruction” of Jewish life
• Judaism = not a religion, but a civilization characterized by beliefs and practices…

25
Q

Sephardic Jew

A
  • follows the customs and traditions of Jess who lived in the I drain Peninsula before their expulsion in the late 15th century
  • Sephardim = the descendants of Jews from the Iberian peninsula
26
Q

Crypto-Judaism

A
  • The secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith (usually Catholicism)
  • Spanish Inquisition
27
Q

1996, 2/3’s of Israel’s Jews described themselves as ________

A

Secular

28
Q

1996 80% of American Jews identified themselves as __________ or ______________

A

Reform

Conservative

29
Q

Karaites

A
  • sect within Judaism which DENIES the authority of the Talmud
  • desires to live EXCLUSIVELY by the 5 books of the Torah

• the Karaite movement = many sub sects because it stresses the individual interpretation of scripture

30
Q

Jewish new year

A

–> Rosh Hashanah

• begins a period of penitence that culminates with the next Jewish holiday (next card)

31
Q

Yom Kippur — Day of Atonement

A
  • Holiest of all the Jewish holidays
  • abstaining from work, food, and drink
  • spend the day at the synagogue
  • offering prayers for forgiveness of sins and reconciliation
32
Q

Hanukkah

A

–> Festival of Lights
• celebrated for eight days in December
• commemorates the rededication of the Temple by Judas Maccabaeus in 165 B.C.

33
Q

Bar Mitzvah

A

Festive ceremony recognizing when a boy becomes a man on his 13th b’day

34
Q

Bat Mitzvah

A

Ceremony for girls (like the Bar Mitzvah)

35
Q

Rites of passage

A

Rituals that mark that passage from one phase of life to another (birth, puberty, marriage, death, etc.)

37
Q

Historical Development

A

–> Abraham
• under Abraham’s leadership, the Hebrews settled in Mesopotamia
• eventually moved to Egypt where they were enslaved

–> Moses
• led them out of Egypt
• settled in Canaan

–> kingdom in “Promised Land” (Canaan) for 300 yrs
• kings like David, Saul, & Solomon
• split into 2: Israel and Judah

–> over the next centuries, foreign people invaded and conquered them…
• Babylonian Captivity
• Israel = disappeared

–> Babylonians destroyed and kingdom of Judah returns
• rebuilds temple

--> Diaspora
• Romans conquered the area
• Jews dispersion
• many moved to Western Europe
• over time they became known as the SEPHARDIM 
• settled in Spain

–> persecuted during the Spanish Inquisition
• fled to Portugual, Netherlands, N. Africa, Americas, …
• German Jews = Ashkenazi (persecuted there in Germany)
• moved into Eastern Europe…

–> Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews = different languages, rituals, and traditions

38
Q

4 main divisions

A

1) Orthodox
2) Conservative
3) Reform
4) Reconstruction

World Religions (10 decks)

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