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World Religions > Islam > Flashcards

Islam Flashcards

0
Q

Muhammad

A

–> Greatest and last prophet
• at age 40 received first revelations from Allah through angel Gabriel
• 3 years later he began to publicly preach
•

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1
Q

Prophets

A

Jesus, Abraham, and Muhammad are all great prophets who have received revelation from Allah

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2
Q

Hegira

A

Muhammad’s flight from Mecca & an assassination plot

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3
Q

Islam

A
  • Youngest and one of the largest world religions
  • one billion adherents
  • dominant religion in developing nations in the Middle East
  • Monotheistic
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4
Q

Pre-Islamic religion

A

–> Arabs
• animistic (believing that spirits and gods resided in stones, trees, etc.)
•

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5
Q

Kaaba

A
  • cube shaped building in Mecca toward which Muslims pray 5x a day
  • “Grand Mosque”
  • built by Abraham
  • served as a center of worship for pre-Islamic Arabs and was reputed to contain 360 idols
  • Muhammad removed all the idols except the black stone
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6
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

• one supreme God called Ahura Mazda
• dualisitic — 2 spirits emanate from Ahura Mazda (1 good, 1 evil)
1) Spenta Mainyu (good)
2)Angra Mainyu (evil)

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7
Q

Koran

A
  • Record of the revelations that Muhammad received
  • divided into 114 chapters of varying lengths called Surahs
  • Surahs = organized by the lengths (longest to shortest)
  • Koran emphasizes that Allah is the only God and that he is complete, eternal, and undivided
  • Koran = believed to be a copy of the tablets in heaven (the Well Preserved Book)
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8
Q

Other theistic religions are just incomplete

A
  • Muhammad taught that Allah was the same God as in Judaism and Christianity
  • Islam doesn’t deny the other religions validity, it views them as incomplete
  • says that Jesus and Abraham both had visions and had partial truth, but Muhammad has the final and full true revelation from Allah…
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9
Q

Medianans conflict with Mecca

A
  • Ended in 630 when Muhammad led a conquering force of 10,000 men into the city of Mecca
  • destroyed the idols in the Kaaba
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10
Q

Mosque

A
  • House of prayer

* led in prayer by a Imam and followed by a sermon

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11
Q

Five Pillars

A

1) repetition of the creed (Shahadah)
2) daily prayer 5x facing Mecca
3) almsgiving
4) fasting during Ramadan
5) pilgrimage to Mecca

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12
Q

Shahadah

A

Islamic confession of faith: “There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”

  • saying it makes you a Muslim
  • it is the first phrase a Muslim child hears
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13
Q

Daily prayer 5x

A

Facing Mecca

Dawn, midday, mid-afternoon, sunset, & nightfall

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14
Q

Almsgiving

A
  • begging is not looked upon as dishonorable

* a charitable tax is obligatorily taken out of ones wealth each year

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15
Q

Fasting during Ramadan

A
  • in remembrance of the Prophet’s first revelation
  • Muslims are expected to abstain from food, drink, and sex during the daylight hours
  • those who complete the fast will have their sins forgiven by Allah
16
Q

Hajj

A

• a word for the pilgrimage to Mecca

17
Q

Saladin

A
  • famous Muslim hero
  • captured the city of Jerusalem
  • led Muslims to victory so many times against the Crusaders
  • reputation as a great chivalrous knight
18
Q

2 major denominations of Islam

A

Sunni

Shia (Shiite)

19
Q

Sunni Muslims

A
  • 90% of Muslims = Sunni
  • base their practice on the literal word of the Koran
  • consider themselves the guardians of Islamic orthodoxy and tradition
20
Q

Shiite Muslims

A
  • biggest majority is in Iran
  • split with mainstream Islam over the question of who should be Muhammad’s successor. Although it was started for political reasons, it has since evolved into a theological division as well
  • believe that Muhammad named Ali his successor
  • believe in divinely inspired figures called imams
  • believe in the coming of a messiah figure
21
Q

Hadith

A
  • literature found outside the Scripture
  • used often by scholars to clarify legal questions
  • expands on the basic teachings of the Koran
22
Q

Bahai

A
  • began as a sect of Shiite Islam, but now is a separate religion and is rejected by many Muslims as heretic
  • teaches that all religions come from the same source and that all the prophets received a partial message from one God
23
Q

Sufi movement

A
  • mystical unit with God through a simple, austere life
  • Mystics
  • consuming interest = union with God now rather than after death
  • sometimes accused as heretics….
24
Q

Al-Ghazali

A
  • attempted to unite the legalistic and mystical schools of Islam
  • abandoned his family and position and set out to find God by experiencing poverty and having mystical experiences
25
Q

Wahhabi movement

A

–> Opposed all forms of change!

• demonstrates the desire of many Muslims to resist modernity and return to the basic teachings of Islam

26
Q

Month of Muharram

A
  • Beginning of the Muslim new year

* Thought to be the month of Muhammad’s Hijrah

World Religions (10 decks)

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