jordan Flashcards
mock
make fun of
playful
made or done in fun; not serious
full of fun; wanting to play
determination
TRYING HARD
conflict
a situation in which people, groups or countries disagree strongly or are involved in a serious argument
The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts.
His task will be to resolve potential conflicts between the British and Scottish goverments.
John often comes into conflict with his boss.
salacious
(of stories, pictures, etc.) encouraging sexual desire or containing too much sexual detail
clickbait
material put on the internet in order to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to a particular web page
The website says it aims to reduce the number of clickbait headlines.
confrontational
behaving in an angry or unfriendly way that is likely to cause an argument:
He has a very aggressive, confrontational way of talking to people.
The opposition has adopted a more confrontational approach in recent months.
beforehand
earlier; before something else happens or is done
two weeks/three days/a few hours beforehand
I wish we’d known about it beforehand.
He warned me beforehand what to expect.
pleasant
fun, attractive, or giving pleasure ============== a pleasant evening/atmosphere/walk a pleasant aroma/smell/scent What a pleasant surprise! to live in pleasant surroundings music that is pleasant to the ear a pleasant environment to work in
rotten
very bad ============== I've had a rotten day! What rotten luck! She's a rotten singer.
broadcast
to send out a programme on television or radio:
cease
to stop happening or existing; to stop something from happening or existing
Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job.
cease to do something You never cease to amaze me!
cease something They voted to cease strike action immediately.
He ordered his men to cease fire (= stop shooting).
cease doing something The company ceased trading in June.
scuttlebutt
stories about other people’s private lives, that may be unkind or not true
backlash
a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to something that has recently changed in society
backlash (from somebody) The government is facing an angry backlash from voters over the new tax.
They face a backlash from shareholders.
backlash (against something) There was a conservative backlash against the feminism of the 80s.
audit
an official examination of the quality or standard of something
pick up on
to notice something and perhaps react to it
oppressor
a person or group of people that treats somebody in a cruel and unfair way, especially by not giving them the same rights, etc. as other people
They cannot forget the humiliation they suffered at the hands of their oppressors.
lucrative
////successful////
producing a large amount of money; making a large profit
==========
Many of the engineers left the service for more lucrative jobs abroad.
The firm has a lucrative business contract with the Scottish Executive.
They do a lot of business in lucrative overseas markets.
malevolent
having or showing a desire to harm other people
She shot a malevolent look at her companion.
It seemed that a malevolent spirit was out to get me.
Her eyes looked up at him with a malevolent gaze.
resentful
feeling bitter or angry about something that you think is unfair
He felt deeply resentful towards/toward his ex-wife.
He was very resentful of their success.
She felt resentful at the way she had been treated.
She looked at him, almost resentful now.
comprehension
the ability to understand
He showed a total lack of comprehension.
She has no comprehension of the seriousness of the situation.
The level of violence used defies comprehension.
Why he can’t do it himself is beyond my comprehension.
He looked at her with a total lack of comprehension.
obsess
to completely fill your mind so that you cannot think of anything else, in a way that is not normal (مخه اتلحس)
be obsessed by somebody/something He’s obsessed by computers.
be obsessed with somebody/something She’s completely obsessed with him.
obsess somebody The need to produce the most exciting newspaper story obsesses most journalists.
crookedly (crooked)
in a way that does not form a straight line or that has many bends
a painting hanging crookedly
delve
to reach inside a bag, container, etc. to search for something (dig)
She delved in her handbag for a pen.
spectacular
very impressive (breathtaking)
The coastal road has spectacular scenery.
Messi scored a spectacular goal.
It was a spectacular achievement on their part.
a spectacular display of fireworks
The special effects were quite spectacular.
proportion
a part or share of a whole
Water covers a large proportion of the earth’s surface.
Loam is a soil with roughly equal proportions of clay, sand and silt.
The proportion of regular smokers increases with age.
A significant proportion of the books have been translated from other languages.
A higher proportion of Americans go on to higher education than is the case in Britain.
constitute
BE CONSIDERED AS
Does such an activity constitute a criminal offence?
The increase in racial tension constitutes a threat to our society.
Does such an activity constitute a criminal offence?
The increase in racial tension constitutes a threat to our society.
to constitute a danger/crime/breach/nuisance
His action was interpreted as constituting a threat to the community.
His action was interpreted as constituting a threat to the community.
—————————————————————————–
to be the parts that together form something
===============
Female workers constitute the majority of the labour force.
People under the age of 40 constitute the majority of the labour force.
shovel
to lift and move earth, stones, coal, etc. with a shovel
A gang of workmen were shovelling rubble onto a truck.
They went out in freezing conditions to shovel snow.
magnify
to make something look bigger than it really is
bacteria magnified to 1 000 times their actual size
an image magnified by a factor of 4
perplexed
confused and anxious because you are unable to understand something
Gary looked rather perplexed.
Investigators are perplexed by the pilot’s mistake.
She looked a little perplexed.
We are all perplexed as to how this happened.
rather
used to mean ‘fairly’ or ‘to some degree’
rather odd/strange/unusual
a rather large sum of money
A rather small number of people turned up.
They took a rather different approach.
I thought it was a rather good idea.
The instructions were rather complicated.
She fell and hurt her leg rather badly.
I didn’t fail the exam; in fact I did rather well!
It was a rather difficult question.
It was rather a difficult question.
oppressive
cruel and unfair treatment of people, especially by not giving them the same freedom, rights, etc. as other people (اضطهاد)
oppressive laws
an oppressive regime
The political situation has grown increasingly oppressive.
Black people continue to bear the brunt of racial violence and oppressive policing.
Her views are certainly oppressive to a large number of disabled people.
The refugees were fleeing from oppressive social and political conditions.
patriarchy
a society, system or country that is ruled or controlled by men (مجتمع ذكوري)
reinforce
to make a structure or material stronger, especially by adding another material to it
(strengthen)
======================
All buildings are now reinforced to withstand earthquakes.
This report strongly reinforces the view that the system must be changed.
oppressor
a person or group of people that treats somebody in a cruel and unfair way, especially by not giving them the same rights, etc. as other people (ظالم)
catastrophe
a sudden event that causes many people to suffer
(disaster)
===============
The country is on the brink of a humanitarian catastrophe.
These policies could lead the country to environmental catastrophe.
moves to avert a national catastrophe
paramount
more important than anything else
(vital, crucial, essential, indispensable, decisive)
===============
This matter is of paramount importance.
Safety is paramount.
The welfare of the child must always be the court’s paramount consideration.
—————————–
having the highest position or the greatest power
(الراس الكبيره)
intrinsic
being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing
the intrinsic value of education
These tasks were repetitive, lengthy and lacking any intrinsic interest.
intrinsic to something Small local shops are intrinsic to the town’s character.
Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.
stagger
to shock or surprise somebody very much
(amaze)
=================
stagger somebody/// Her remarks staggered me.
The inspectors were staggered at the level of incompetence among senior staff.
it staggers somebody that… It staggers me that the government is doing nothing about it.
blank
showing no feeling, understanding or interest
She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.
Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.
Suddenly my mind went blank (= I could not remember anything).
I asked several people about it and just got blank stares in return.
parameter
something that decides or limits the way in which something can be done
We had to work within the parameters that had already been established.
legislative
relating to laws or the making of laws (تشريعي) ==================== There will be few legislative changes. They have sweeping new legislative powers. They oppose most legislative reform. He is an expert in legislative history. They have too much legislative power.
fiat
an official order given by somebody in authority
(decree)
=============
Prices have been fixed by government fiat.
decree
an official order from a leader or a government that becomes the law
a presidential/royal decree
a leader who rules by decree (= not in a democratic way)
He has been governing by emergency decree under the provisions of the constitution.
In an emergency decree, the government banned all rallies.
The president issued a decree prohibiting trade unions.
Local inspectors helped enforce presidential decrees.
issue
an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about
This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it.
Teacher education has become a political issue.
They discussed a number of important environmental issues.
They are talking about issues relating to the safety of children online.
Her work deals with issues of race and identity.
to explore/debate/examine an issue
issue (verb)
to make something known formally
They issued a joint statement denying the charges.
a report issued by the Department for Education
A warning was issued yesterday by the government, asking people to stay in their homes.
The president has the authority to issue orders to the military.
The new guidelines have been issued to all doctors.
predicate on
(predicate something on/upon something) to base something on a particular belief, idea or principle
Democracy is predicated upon the rule of law.
mandate
AUTHORITY
It is undemocratic to govern an area without an electoral mandate.
mandate to do something The election victory gave the party a clear mandate to continue its programme of reform.
mandate for something a mandate for an end to the civil war
The party was elected with a mandate to reduce the size of government.
Troops moved into the country to restore order under a UN mandate.
revoke
revoke something to officially cancel something so that it is no longer legally acceptable
Your licence may be revoked at any time.
violate
to go against or refuse to obey a law, an agreement, etc.(انتهك)
to violate international law
———————————————————————————
to upset or not respect somebody’s peace, privacy, etc.
=================
The peace of the island community had been brutally violated.
The peace of this island community has been repeatedly violated.
Their voices sounded shrill and incongruous, violating the silence.
provision
to provide
housing provision
The government is responsible for the provision of healthcare.
There is no provision for anyone to sit down here.
The provision of specialist teachers is being increased.
Several companies are responsible for the provision of cleaning services.
vicious
((adjective)) violent and cruel ============== a vicious attack a vicious criminal She has a vicious temper. Police described the robbery as particularly vicious. -------------------------- full of hate and anger ================= She wrote me a vicious letter. The newspapers launched a vicious attack on him, forcing him to resign. The article was vicious in its criticism of the prime minister.
cite (citation)
to mention something as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are saying (mention) ( يستشهد ب)
There is no reason to doubt the information in the articles cited above.
He cited personal reasons for his decision to resign.
The Bank of England has cited concerns about inflation for the first time in four years.
Their method is similar to those used by many studies cited in this report.
temperamental
A temperamental person is someone whose mood often changes very suddenly
Be careful how you approach her - she’s very temperamental.
—————————————————–
connected with somebody’s nature and personality
=====================
They are firm friends in spite of temperamental differences.
temperamentally
in a way that is connected with somebody’s nature and personality
I’m temperamentally unsuited to this job.
walloping
very big
They had to pay a walloping great fine.
overlap
if one thing overlaps another, or the two things overlap, part of one thing covers part of the other
(يتداخل)
tangle
tangle (something) up to twist something into an untidy mass; to become twisted in this way
She had tangled up the sheets on the bed as she lay tossing and turning.
hyper- (prefix)
more than normal; too much
virtually
almost or very nearly, so that any slight difference is not important
to be virtually impossible
Virtually all students will be exempt from the tax.
He virtually admitted he was guilty.
This year’s results are virtually the same as last year’s.
The red squirrel has become virtually extinct in most of the country.
disembodied
seeming not to have a body or not to be connected to a body
deceptive
likely to make you believe something that is not true
(misleading)
==============================
a deceptive advertisement
Appearances can often be deceptive (= things are not always what they seem to be).
the deceptive simplicity of her writing style (= it seems simple but is not really)
The firm was found guilty of publishing a misleading and deceptive advertisement.
identical
similar in every detail (similarly)
a row of identical houses
The two pictures are similar, although not identical.
identical to somebody/something Her dress is almost identical to mine.
identical with somebody/something The name on the ticket should be identical with the one in the passport.
inferior
not good or not as good as somebody/something else
Her obvious popularity made me feel inferior.
His later work was vastly inferior to his early work.
These later paintings are slightly inferior in value.
Women are often regarded as inferior.
The cracks in the structure were due to the poor-quality materials and inferior workmanship.
meek
quiet, gentle, and always ready to do what other people want without expressing your own opinion
They called her Miss Mouse because she was so meek and mild.
They hung their heads in meek submission.
genuinely
truly; in a way that is exactly what it appears to be and is not artificial (بصراحه)
There are some genuinely funny moments in the film.
The election result was genuinely democratic.
a genuinely new kind of politician
memo
a message or other information in writing sent by one person or department to another in the same business organization
An internal memo about his departure had already circulated.
a government memo obtained by the Associated Press
The confidential memo was leaked to the press.
tackle
(DEAL WITH)
There are many ways of tackling this problem.
I tackled him about his careless work.
The president is clearly in a dilemma about how to tackle the crisis.
There is a great deal of indecision over how to tackle the problem.
The manifesto includes tough measures to tackle road congestion and environmental pollution.
seminar
ندوه
prodigy
a young person whose intelligence or skill is unusually good for their age (نبغه / عيل فشيخ)
a child/an infant prodigy
a musical prodigy
Mozart was an infant prodigy, composing music at the age of four.
The 12-year-old prodigy will play America’s reigning chess champion next week.
distribute
to give things to a large number of people; to share something between a number of people
distribute something The leaflets have been widely distributed.
The newspaper is distributed free.
to distribute fliers/pamphlets/questionnaires
Viruses are often distributed via email.
distribute something to somebody/something The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
distribute something among somebody/something The money was distributed among schools in the area.
distribute something between somebody/something The proceeds will be distributed between local charities.
explantory
the adjective of (explain)
verbal
relating to words (لفظي)
The job applicant must have good verbal skills.
non-verbal communication (= expressions of the face, gestures, etc.)
cognitive
connected with mental processes of understanding
a child’s cognitive development
cognitive psychology
They are studying the links between cognitive and linguistic development in young children.
This is both a cognitive and an emotional process.
primate
any animal that belongs to the group of mammals that includes humans, apes and monkeys
narrative
story
a gripping narrative of their journey up the Amazon
a collection of personal narratives
She has woven a strong personal narrative filled with lively anecdotes.
a historical narrative of the United States
The film lacks a coherent, compelling narrative.
sexist
treating other people, especially women, unfairly because of their sex or making offensive remarks about them
discriminatory
unfair; treating somebody or one group of people worse than others
discriminatory practices/rules/measures
sexually/racially discriminatory laws
Companies were urged to tackle sexually and racially discriminatory recruitment practices.
The court ruled that the rule was discriminatory against people with young children.
Women’s groups claim that the laws are discriminatory.
discriminate
to recognize that there is a difference between people or things; to show a difference between people or things ( differentiate, distinguish)
discriminate (between A and B) The computer program was unable to discriminate between letters and numbers.
discriminate something When do babies learn to discriminate voices?
discriminate A from B A number of features discriminate this species from others.
radical
relating to the most basic and important parts of something; complete and detailed
the need for radical changes in education
demands for radical reform of the law
radical differences between the sexes
This document marks a radical departure from earlier recommendations.
———————————————————————————–
new, different and likely to have a great effect
===========================
radical ideas
a radical solution to the problem
radical proposals
a truly radical concept
———————————————————————————–
in favour of extreme and complete political or social change
consensus
an opinion that all members of a group agree with
consensus (about/on something) She is skilled at achieving consensus on sensitive issues.
There is a growing consensus of opinion on this issue.
an attempt to reach a consensus
There now exists a broad political consensus in favour of economic reform.
consensus politics (= that people in general agree with)
consensus (among somebody) (about/on something) There is a general consensus among teachers about the need for greater security in schools.
consensus that… There seems to be a consensus that the plan should be rejected.
by consensus They have always governed by consensus.
haul
to pull something/somebody with a lot of effort
The car was hauled out of the river.
fishermen hauling in their nets
——————————————————————————-
haul yourself up/out of, etc. to move yourself somewhere slowly and with a lot of effort
————————————————————————————
haul somebody + adv./prep. to force somebody to go somewhere they do not want to go
================================
She hauled herself out of bed.
He hauled himself up.
A number of suspects have been hauled in for questioning.
He was hauled off to jail.
rake somebody over the coals
to criticize somebody severely because they have done something wrong
assimilate
to fully understand an idea or some information so that you are able to use it yourself (absorb, understand)
The committee will need time to assimilate this report.
Some people can only assimilate change gradually.
——————————————————————————–
to become part of a group, country, society, etc., or to make someone or something become part of a group, country, society, etc.:
=====================================
The European Union should remain flexible enough to assimilate more countries quickly.
You shouldn’t expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien culture immediately.
toss
to throw something lightly or carelessly // (throw) (شوح)
toss something + adv./prep. I tossed the book aside and got up.
toss something to somebody He tossed the ball to Anna.
toss somebody something He tossed Anna the ball.
panoply
a large and impressive number or collection of something (large collection)
The government has promised a whole panoply of social and economic improvements.
torture
to hurt somebody physically or mentally in order to punish them or make them tell you something
torture somebody Many of the rebels were captured and tortured by secret police.
The prisoners were routinely tortured.
torture somebody into doing something He was tortured into giving them the information.
——————————————————————————-
torture somebody to make somebody feel extremely unhappy or anxious
============================
He spent his life tortured by the memories of his childhood.
comic ( adjective)
humorous and making you laugh (funny)
a comic monologue/story
The play is both comic and tragic.
She can always be relied on to provide comic relief (= something to make you laugh) at a boring party.
He wore a red nose and novelty glasses for comic effect.
a blackly comic futuristic fantasy
narrowness
the fact of being limited to a small area of interest, activity, or thought
His main flaw is his narrowness of vision.
The person who is indifferent to philosophy and art condemns himself to a depressing narrowness of outlook.
He is critical of what he sees as an inherent narrowness in thinking about psychotherapy.
scandal
behaviour or an event that people think is morally or legally wrong and causes public feelings of shock or anger (فضيحه)
a series of sex scandals
to cause/create a scandal
The scandal broke (= became known to the public) in May.
There has been no hint of scandal during his time in office.
a promising career wrecked by scandal
In the wake of recent accounting scandals, new cases have come to light.
The apartment was paid for by the bank at the centre of the scandal.
There have been calls for the resignation of the minister involved in the sex scandal.
the prisoner-abuse scandal
confused
not clear or easy to understand
The children gave a confused account of what had happened.
His mind was crowded with confused thoughts.
A confused situation followed the military coup.
account
an explanation or a description of an idea, a theory or a process
muddle-headed
confused or with confused ideas
the wherewithal
the money necessary for a particular purpose
blackly
blackly comic/funny/humorous/satirical dealing with unpleasant or terrible things, such as murder, in a humorous way
The movie takes a blackly humorous look at death.
epithet
an adjective or phrase that is used to describe somebody/something’s character or most important quality, especially in order to give praise or criticism (لقب)
The film is long and dramatic but does not quite earn the epithet ‘epic’.
rightly
for a good reason //
The school was rightly proud of the excellent exam results.
He was proud of his beautiful house, and rightly so.
Quite rightly, the environment is of great concern.
Rightly or wrongly, many older people are afraid of violence in the streets.
————————————————————–
in a correct or accurate way
================
As she rightly pointed out, the illness can affect adults as well as children.
I can’t rightly say what happened.
I don’t rightly know where he’s gone.
If I remember rightly, there’s a train at six o’clock.
flabbergasted (informal)
extremely surprised and/or shocked (astonished)
Friends were flabbergasted by the news that they’d split up.
She was too flabbergasted to speak.
smart/tough cookie
(informal) a smart/tough person
preposterous
completely unreasonable, especially in a way that shocks or annoys you
These claims are absolutely preposterous!
It’s preposterous to suggest that everything was her fault!
The whole idea sounds quite preposterous!
