Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HDM Exam #2 > Joplin Material > Flashcards

Joplin Material Flashcards

1
Q

What exists on naive T cells?

A 
TCR w/ CD3
CD4/8
MHC I
CD 28
LFA-1 and VLA-4
Chemokine receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who can activate naive T cells?

A

Only DCs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who can activate memory T cells?

A

Macrophages and B cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Movement of T cells through the lymphoid organs:

A

Naive T cells enter LNs via HEVs.
T cells sample Ag processed by APCs.
T cells that do not encounter a specific Ag leave the node and travel to the next node.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

LFA-1/VLA-4 on T cells binds:

A

ICAM-1

VLA-4 exists only on activated T cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Upon binding Ag to MHC, what is the next costimulatory bindings?

A

Expression of B7 is upregulated on APCs and binds CD28.

CD40L is upregulated on T cells and binds CD40 on APCs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Once T cell is activated, what does it secrete?

A

IL-2 which binds its IL-2R and promotes T cell proliferation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Expression of CD69 causes what?

A

CD69 on T cells binds to S1PR and impairs migration. To leave the LN, it can increase expression of S1PR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Th1 proliferates in response to?
Secretes?
Novel TFs?

A

INF-y and IL-12
IL-2 and IFN-y
T-bet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Th2 proliferates in response to?
Secretes?
Novel TFs?

A

IL-4
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
GATA-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Th17 proliferates in response to?
Secretes?
Novel TFs?

A

IL-1 and IL-6.
IL-17 and IL-22
RORyt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Migration of activated Th cells

A

Once activated, Th cells change their chemokine receptor expression and migrate to the edge of the follicular zone.
Activated Th cells secrete low levels of cytokines and increase expression of costimulatory molecules.
Activated T cells begin expressing CTLA-4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treg cells proliferate in response to?
Secretes?
Novel TFs?

A

IL-2, TGF-beta.
IL-10 and TGF-beta
FOXp3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Memory T cells require what cytokines for survival?

A

IL-7 and IL-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Memory T cells express increased levels of what?

A

Bcl-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do Treg cells temper activation?

A

By having their CTLA-4 bind B7 and shut down IL-2 production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CTLA-1 is induci0ble on?

PD-1 is inducible on?

A

Activated T cells

T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the major difference between effector T cells and naive T cells?

A

Effector T cells is able to respond to specific Ag w/o need for costimulation via B7-CD28.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does INF-y stimulate Mo?

A

It stimulates MHC II and B7 expression.

This activates Mo to phagocytose and B cells to stimulate complement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of Th2 in phagocyte-independent immunity:

A 
It stimulates IgE (via class switching), MC and eosinophil reactions. IgA production.
Secretes IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

IL-13 and IL-4 activates monocyte to become:

A

M2, release IL-10 and TGF-beta and have anti-inflammatory efects, wound repair, etc.

22
Q

TLR ligands and IFN-y activates monocyte to become:

A

M1, release IL-1, IL-2, IL-23 and cause inflammation.
OR
Secrete ROS, NO, enzymes to kill.

23
Q

What are 2 mechanisms for cell killing by CTLs in MHC I?

A 
Granular proteins (granzyme, perforin, etc)
FasL on infected cell and Fas (CD95) on CTL.
24
Q

What cytokines enhance NK cell killing?

A

IFN a/b and IL-12

Inhibited by MHC I

25
Q

ADCC

A

Occurs in NKs, Mo, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils.
Target recognition via IgG.
Kills by lytic enzymes, TNF and perforin.

26
Q

Evasion mechanism of Mycobacteria

A

Inhibits phagolysosome fusion.

27
Q

Evasion mechanism of HSV

A

Inhibits Ag presentation by interfering with TAP transporter.

28
Q

Evasion mechanism of CMV

A

Inhibition of Ag presentation by removal of MHC I from ER.

29
Q

Evasion mechanism of EBV

A

Inhibits Ag presentation and proteosomal activity.

30
Q

Evasion mechanism of Pox virus

A

Inhibits effector cell activation.

31
Q

Receptors on naive B cells

A 
BCR (IgM/D, Iga, Igb)
CD19
CD21
CD81
MHC II
CD40
32
Q

B2 cells subsets

A

Follicular B cells - recirculating B cells.

MZ B cells - in spleen and respond to blood borne polysaccharide Ags.

33
Q

Migration of B cells in LN

A

Enter via HEV
Migrate to primary follicle via CXCR5.
Receive signal to survive from FDC
Exit via efferent vessels.

34
Q

1st signal for B cell activation

A

Ag recognizes mIgs.

Must crosslink 2 or more BCRs or bind C3d on Ag w/ B cell CR2 (CD25).

35
Q

Migration of activated B cells in the LN

A

After activation in the follicular zone, B cells change their chemokine receptor expression and migrate to edge of FZ. Activated B cells secrete low levels of IgM and increase expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokine receptors. B cells are now close enough to be helped by Th cells.

36
Q

After being helped by T cells:

A

B cells migrate back to the FZ and create a GC where they undergo class switching and affinity maturation..

37
Q

Successful rearrangements are selected/supported by:

A

Tfh and FDCs.

38
Q

Tfh function

A

Express ICOS that binds to ICOSL on B cells and is essential for GC reaction.
Secretes IL-2.
Provides IFN-y and IL-4 for class switching.

39
Q

How does CD40:CD40L trigger isotype switching?

A

Increases accessibility of DNA at C region.

Induces expression of AID.

40
Q

Affinity maturation

A

Introduces point mutations in variable areas in the Ig gene to increase the affinity of Abs (somatic hypermutation).

41
Q

AID function

A

Converts Cs to Us and allows Ape I endonuclease to create double-standed breaks in DNA.

42
Q

FDC’s role in B cell survival

A

FDCs provide intact Ag to interact w/ B cells. If it binds, B cell is rescued.

43
Q

B-1 cells respond to:

A

T-independent responses in mucosal sites.

44
Q

MZ B-2 cells respond to:

A

Blood-borne pathogens.

45
Q

Plasma cells have decreaed:

A

CD19, CD20, MHC ii.

46
Q

To act as obsonins:

A

Ag-bound Abs bind to Fc region.

47
Q

Classical pathway of complement is activated by:

A

Ag + Ab (viruses and bacteria)

48
Q

Alternative pathway is:

A

Ab independent.

49
Q

C1 component of complement subunits and its cleavage

A

Has 1 C1q hexamer and 2 C1r and 2 C1s molecules.

C1r and C1s undergo cleavage to leave behind C1qrs complex.

50
Q

Neonatal immunity

A

Maternal Abs (IgG) provide protection and IgA from breast milk.

HDM Exam #2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions