joints upper extremity Flashcards
What bones are involved in the sternoclavicular joint?
sternum, clavicle, first rib
Function of the sternoclavicular joint?
prevent displacement of the clavicle. Acts as a shock absorber for forces transmitted along the clavicle.
What separates the clavicle from the sternum?
the articular disk
What kind of joint is the Sternoclavicular?
plane gliding
T or F: the sternoclavicular capsular ligament is weak
F
Nerve supply to sternoclavicular joint?
supraclavicular nerve and nerve to the subclavian
T or F: Movements at the sternoclavicular joint are usually passive and occur when the scapula moves
T
List all the ligaments associated with the sternoclavicular joint
Ant. and post. sternoclavicular, interclavicular, and costoclavicular ligaments
function of the ant. and post. sternoclavicular ligaments?
reinforce the capsular ligament, orevent excessive anterior and posterior movement
Function of the interclavicular ligament?
prevents displacement of the clavicle when carrying a heavy weight
attachments of the interclavicular ligament?
sternal ends of both clavicles
attachments of the costoclavicular ligament?
costal impression of clavicle and the first rib
function of costoclavicular ligament?
reinforces the capsular ligament and limits elevation at the medial end of the clavicle (as when one hangs by their limbs)
T or F: dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint are rare and usually occur due to direct trauma
T
how can dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint be life threatening?
Damage or compression of the trachea or blood vessels in the neck.
which bones are involved in the acromioclavicular joint?
the scapula (acromion process) and clavicle
What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Plane gliding
T or F: the capsular ligament of the acromioclavicular joint is strong enough to hold the joint in place without reinforcing ligaments
F
Nerve supply to the acromioclavicular joint?
suprascapular and axillary nerves
List all the ligaments associated with the acromioclavicular joint
Sup. and inf. acromioclavicular and the coracoclavicular ligaments
Functions of the superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments
reinforce the capsular ligament, prevent the clavicle from losing contact with the acromion process.
Attachments of the coracoclavicular ligament
Conoid portion: conoid tubercle of clavicle to coracoid processTrapezoid: trapezoid line of clavicle to coracoid process
Functions of coracoclavicular
Suspends the weight of the scapula and limits protraction, elevation, and rotation of the scapula.
Ant. and post. sternoclavicular: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?
Extrinsic, wall
interclaviculr: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?
Extrinsic, rope
Costoclavicular: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?
Extrinsic, rope
Sup. and inf. acromioclavicular: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?
Extrinsic, rope
Coracoclavicular: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?
Extrinsic, rope
What is another term for a dislocation of the ac joint?
Shoulder separation
What is a strong blow to the shoulder called which often causes shoulder separation?
Shoulder pointer
Which bone is displaced during a shoulder separation?
The clavicle
T or F: the acromion process becomes less prominent in person with a dislocated ac joint
F. Patient presents with an acromion bump.
Which artery may be compromised by a shoulder separation?
The subclavian
What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Universal/ ball and socket
What are the articulations of the glenohumeral joint?
The head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
What structure adds depth to the glenoid cavity
The glenoid labrum
Nerve supply to the glenohumeral joint?
Axillary and suprascapular
T or F: the glenohumeral capsular ligament is thin and lax
T
Which tendon passes through the glenohumeral capsular ligament?
The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii
T or F: the head of the humerus stays held in place without the aid of the rotator cuff muscles.
F
Name the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint
Glenohumeral, transverse humeral, coracohumeral, coracoacromial, suprascapular.
Where is the glenohumeral ligament located?
Within the shoulder joint cavity
Function of the glenohumeral ligament
Strengthens the anterior part of the capsule, helps prevent lateral rotation of the humerus
Glenohumeral ligament: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?
Intrinsic, rope
Where is the transverse humeral ligament located?
It spans the intertubercular groove
Function of the transverse humeral ligament
Keeps the long head of the biceps brachii in place.
Functions of the coracohumeral ligament
Strengthens the capsule from above, limits lateral rotation of the humerus
Coracohumeral ligament:extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?
Extrinsic, rope
Function of the coracoacromial ligament
Prevent upward displacement of the head of the humerus
Coracoacromial:extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?
Extrinsic, wall
Location of the suprascapular ligament
Spans the scapular notch
What is the most common dislocation of the glenohumeral joint?
Anterior/subcoracoid dislocation
What is the usual cause of anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint?
Excessive extension and lateral rotation of the humerus
T or F: the greater tuberosity is more prominent and palpable in a subcoracoid dislocation
F
Which nerves may be injured in a dislocation of the glenohumeral joint causing numbness along the lateral arm and forearm?
The musculocutaneous and axillary nerves
What are the articulations of the elbow joint?
The trochlea of the humerus with the trochlear notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus with the head of the radius.
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Hinge/ginglymus
Nerve supply to the elbow joint?
Musculocutaneous and radial
T or F: the capsular ligament of the elbow joint is loose anteriorly and posteriorly.
T
Which bones is the capsular ligament of the elbow joint attached to?
Humerus and ulna
What are the ligaments associated with the elbow joint?
The lateral and medial collaterals and the annular ligament
What dislocation is common in the elbow joint?
Posterior
Which nerve may be damaged by a dislocation of the elbow joint?
The ulnar nerve
What are normal carrying angles for males and females?
Males: 5-10 degreesFemales: 15 degrees
What is an increase in carrying angle called?
Cubitus valgus
What kind of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Pivot/trochoid
T or F: the proximal radioulnar joint has its own capsular ligament
F
Which ligaments are associated with the proximal radioulnar joint?
All the ligaments of the elbow joint as well as the interosseous ligament and the oblique cord.
What kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?
Pivot/trochoid
Nerve supply of the distal radioulnar joint?
Radial nerve
Which ligaments are associated with the distal radioulnar joint?
The anterior and posterior transverse ligaments, the articular disk, and the interosseous membrane
Functions of the transverse ligaments of the distal radioulnar joint
Strengthen capsular ligament, prevent supination
Describe the articular disk of the distal radioulnar joint
Small piece of fibrocartilage attached to the ulnar notch and the styloid process of the radius
Functions of the interosseous ligament
Stabilize radius and ulna, limit supination,
