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gross anatomy > joints upper extremity > Flashcards

joints upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are involved in the sternoclavicular joint?

A

sternum, clavicle, first rib

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2
Q

Function of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

prevent displacement of the clavicle. Acts as a shock absorber for forces transmitted along the clavicle.

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3
Q

What separates the clavicle from the sternum?

A

the articular disk

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4
Q

What kind of joint is the Sternoclavicular?

A

plane gliding

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5
Q

T or F: the sternoclavicular capsular ligament is weak

A

F

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6
Q

Nerve supply to sternoclavicular joint?

A

supraclavicular nerve and nerve to the subclavian

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7
Q

T or F: Movements at the sternoclavicular joint are usually passive and occur when the scapula moves

A

T

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8
Q

List all the ligaments associated with the sternoclavicular joint

A

Ant. and post. sternoclavicular, interclavicular, and costoclavicular ligaments

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9
Q

function of the ant. and post. sternoclavicular ligaments?

A

reinforce the capsular ligament, orevent excessive anterior and posterior movement

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10
Q

Function of the interclavicular ligament?

A

prevents displacement of the clavicle when carrying a heavy weight

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11
Q

attachments of the interclavicular ligament?

A

sternal ends of both clavicles

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12
Q

attachments of the costoclavicular ligament?

A

costal impression of clavicle and the first rib

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13
Q

function of costoclavicular ligament?

A

reinforces the capsular ligament and limits elevation at the medial end of the clavicle (as when one hangs by their limbs)

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14
Q

T or F: dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint are rare and usually occur due to direct trauma

A

T

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15
Q

how can dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint be life threatening?

A

Damage or compression of the trachea or blood vessels in the neck.

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16
Q

which bones are involved in the acromioclavicular joint?

A

the scapula (acromion process) and clavicle

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17
Q

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane gliding

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18
Q

T or F: the capsular ligament of the acromioclavicular joint is strong enough to hold the joint in place without reinforcing ligaments

A

F

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19
Q

Nerve supply to the acromioclavicular joint?

A

suprascapular and axillary nerves

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20
Q

List all the ligaments associated with the acromioclavicular joint

A

Sup. and inf. acromioclavicular and the coracoclavicular ligaments

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21
Q

Functions of the superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments

A

reinforce the capsular ligament, prevent the clavicle from losing contact with the acromion process.

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22
Q

Attachments of the coracoclavicular ligament

A

Conoid portion: conoid tubercle of clavicle to coracoid processTrapezoid: trapezoid line of clavicle to coracoid process

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23
Q

Functions of coracoclavicular

A

Suspends the weight of the scapula and limits protraction, elevation, and rotation of the scapula.

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24
Q

Ant. and post. sternoclavicular: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?

A

Extrinsic, wall

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25
Q

interclaviculr: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?

A

Extrinsic, rope

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26
Q

Costoclavicular: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?

A

Extrinsic, rope

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27
Q

Sup. and inf. acromioclavicular: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?

A

Extrinsic, rope

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28
Q

Coracoclavicular: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?

A

Extrinsic, rope

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29
Q

What is another term for a dislocation of the ac joint?

A

Shoulder separation

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30
Q

What is a strong blow to the shoulder called which often causes shoulder separation?

A

Shoulder pointer

31
Q

Which bone is displaced during a shoulder separation?

A

The clavicle

32
Q

T or F: the acromion process becomes less prominent in person with a dislocated ac joint

A

F. Patient presents with an acromion bump.

33
Q

Which artery may be compromised by a shoulder separation?

A

The subclavian

34
Q

What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Universal/ ball and socket

35
Q

What are the articulations of the glenohumeral joint?

A

The head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

36
Q

What structure adds depth to the glenoid cavity

A

The glenoid labrum

37
Q

Nerve supply to the glenohumeral joint?

A

Axillary and suprascapular

38
Q

T or F: the glenohumeral capsular ligament is thin and lax

A

T

39
Q

Which tendon passes through the glenohumeral capsular ligament?

A

The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

40
Q

T or F: the head of the humerus stays held in place without the aid of the rotator cuff muscles.

A

F

41
Q

Name the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A

Glenohumeral, transverse humeral, coracohumeral, coracoacromial, suprascapular.

42
Q

Where is the glenohumeral ligament located?

A

Within the shoulder joint cavity

43
Q

Function of the glenohumeral ligament

A

Strengthens the anterior part of the capsule, helps prevent lateral rotation of the humerus

44
Q

Glenohumeral ligament: extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?

A

Intrinsic, rope

45
Q

Where is the transverse humeral ligament located?

A

It spans the intertubercular groove

46
Q

Function of the transverse humeral ligament

A

Keeps the long head of the biceps brachii in place.

47
Q

Functions of the coracohumeral ligament

A

Strengthens the capsule from above, limits lateral rotation of the humerus

48
Q

Coracohumeral ligament:extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?

A

Extrinsic, rope

49
Q

Function of the coracoacromial ligament

A

Prevent upward displacement of the head of the humerus

50
Q

Coracoacromial:extrinsic or intrinsic, rope or wall?

A

Extrinsic, wall

51
Q

Location of the suprascapular ligament

A

Spans the scapular notch

52
Q

What is the most common dislocation of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Anterior/subcoracoid dislocation

53
Q

What is the usual cause of anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint?

A

Excessive extension and lateral rotation of the humerus

54
Q

T or F: the greater tuberosity is more prominent and palpable in a subcoracoid dislocation

A

F

55
Q

Which nerves may be injured in a dislocation of the glenohumeral joint causing numbness along the lateral arm and forearm?

A

The musculocutaneous and axillary nerves

56
Q

What are the articulations of the elbow joint?

A

The trochlea of the humerus with the trochlear notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus with the head of the radius.

57
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Hinge/ginglymus

58
Q

Nerve supply to the elbow joint?

A

Musculocutaneous and radial

59
Q

T or F: the capsular ligament of the elbow joint is loose anteriorly and posteriorly.

A

T

60
Q

Which bones is the capsular ligament of the elbow joint attached to?

A

Humerus and ulna

61
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the elbow joint?

A

The lateral and medial collaterals and the annular ligament

62
Q

What dislocation is common in the elbow joint?

A

Posterior

63
Q

Which nerve may be damaged by a dislocation of the elbow joint?

A

The ulnar nerve

64
Q

What are normal carrying angles for males and females?

A

Males: 5-10 degreesFemales: 15 degrees

65
Q

What is an increase in carrying angle called?

A

Cubitus valgus

66
Q

What kind of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot/trochoid

67
Q

T or F: the proximal radioulnar joint has its own capsular ligament

A

F

68
Q

Which ligaments are associated with the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

All the ligaments of the elbow joint as well as the interosseous ligament and the oblique cord.

69
Q

What kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot/trochoid

70
Q

Nerve supply of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Radial nerve

71
Q

Which ligaments are associated with the distal radioulnar joint?

A

The anterior and posterior transverse ligaments, the articular disk, and the interosseous membrane

72
Q

Functions of the transverse ligaments of the distal radioulnar joint

A

Strengthen capsular ligament, prevent supination

73
Q

Describe the articular disk of the distal radioulnar joint

A

Small piece of fibrocartilage attached to the ulnar notch and the styloid process of the radius

74
Q

Functions of the interosseous ligament

A

Stabilize radius and ulna, limit supination,

gross anatomy (8 decks)

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