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MSS - MSK Exam 2 > Joints of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Joints of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A

synovial saddle joint

  • modified ball and socket
  • allows circumduction
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2
Q

articulation of the sternoclavicular joint

A

manubrium
costal cartilage of 1st rib
sternal end of clavicle

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3
Q

ligaments of sternoclavicular joint

A

articular capsule
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament

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4
Q

interclavicular ligament

A

along the jugular notch

spans two clavicle

keep them from being pulled apart

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5
Q

costoclavicular ligament

A

from 1st rib and its costal cartilage

limits elevation

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6
Q

articular disc

A

strongest part of sternoclavicular joint
-prevents upward and medial dislocation

fibrocartilagenous**

medial superior border of clavicle to cartilage of 1st rib

**most important modification of joint stability

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7
Q

arterial supply of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

branches from:

  • internal thoracic artery
  • suprascapular artery (subclavian artery)
  • highest thoracic artery
  • clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery (axillary artery)

NOT ON TEST

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8
Q

innervation of sternoclavicular joint?

A

medial supraclavicular nerves ( C3 C4)
nerve to subclavius ( C5. C6)

NOT ON TEST

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9
Q

subclavius muscle

A

protects against over elevation and protraction of clavicle

-helps to maintain the sternoclavicular joint

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10
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

weak joint
-weak ligaments

synovial gliding joint
still covered in fibrocartilage
-with incomplete articular disc

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11
Q

articulations of the acromioclavicular joint

A

acromion process of scapula

lateral end of clavicle

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12
Q

ligaments of the acromioclavicular ligaments

A

articular capsule
superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments
coracoclavicular ligament

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13
Q

coracoclavicular ligaments?

A

conoid part - medial
trapezoid part - lateral

**maintain integrity of the acromioclavicular joint

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14
Q

glenohumeral joint?

A

ball and socket synovial joint

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15
Q

articulations of the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenoid cavity of scapula

head of humerus

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16
Q

ligaments of glenohumeral joint?

A

articular capsule
coracohumeral ligament
coracoacromial ligament
transverse humeral ligament

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17
Q

articular capsule of glenohumeral joint?

A

attached to brim of glenoid cavity and anatomic nieck of humerus

thin and loose
-contributes to joint flexibility in ALL ranges

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18
Q

coracohumeral ligament

A

from coracoid process and blends laterally with capsule immediately anterior to greater tubercle of humerus along the appxorimate path of anatomical neck

prevents inferior dislocation

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19
Q

coracoacromial ligament

A

forms roof over glenohumeral joint

-prevents superior dislocation

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20
Q

transverse humeral ligament

A

anteriorly spans intertubercular groove to precisely locate the tendon of the long head of the biceps

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21
Q

bursa in glenohumeral joint?

A

deltoid and subacromial bursa

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22
Q

glenoid labrum

A

fibrocartilagenous elevation surrounding glenoid cavity

brim around joint cavity

  • assists in increasing depth of socket
  • increases contact by 50%
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23
Q

tendons of biceps brachii?

A

long head traverses intertubucula grove into the interior of the glenohumeral joint where it attaches superiorly to the glenoid labrum

**triceps is outside joint

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24
Q

glenohumeral bands or ligaments?

A

superior, middle, inferior (variable)

seen on internal aspect of anterior wall

attach above to anterior glenoid labrum and below the lesser tubercle and anatomic neck of the humerus

help to prevent anterior and posterior inferior dislocation

**not as good anteriorly

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25
Q

deltoid muscle

A

multipennate

main strength mover of the glenohumeral joint

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26
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus

**maintain integrity of the glenohumeral joint

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27
Q

distraction

A

if one of rotator cuff muscles is injured

-glenohumeral joint integrity is messed up

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28
Q

humeroscapular rhythm

A

1-2 degree scapular rotation for every 2-3 degrees of glenohumeral rotation

therefore, 90 degree abduction:

  • 60 degree humeral rotation
  • 30 degree scapular rotation
29
Q

abduction of upper limb

A

starting with contraction of supraspinatus
-pushes head of humerus inferiorly

DO THE READING

30
Q

strength of shoulder joint

A

deltoid

31
Q

stability of shoulder joint

A

rotator cuff muscles

32
Q

flexibility of shoulder joint

A

capsule

33
Q

integrity of shoulder joint

A

glenoid labrum and glenohumeral ligaments

34
Q

range of motion of shoulder abduction

A

ball and socket joint
shalow glenoid cavity
loose fibrous capsule

35
Q

glenohumeral rotation of shoulder abduction

A

deltoid

rotator cuff muscles

36
Q

scapular rotation of shoulder abduction

A

trapezius

serratus anterior

37
Q

humeral rotation of shoulder abduction

A

infraspinatus

teres minor

38
Q

elbow joint

A

synovial hinge joint
allows flexion and extension

-no side to side movement

39
Q

articulation of elbow joint

A

trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna
capitulum of humerus with head of radius
head of radius with radial notch of the ulna
-proximal radio-ulnar articulation

40
Q

ligaments of elbow joints

A

collateral ligaments

articular capsule

41
Q

ulna collateral ligaments

A

anterior - strongest
-medial epicondyle of humerus to tubercle on coronoid process of ulna

posterior - weaker
-medial epicondyle of humerus to medial edge of olecranon process

oblique - weakest

  • attaches to medial aspect of ulna to deepen socket for trochlea
  • helps close semilunar notch of ulna medially

**form triangle

42
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

synovial pivot joint

shares joint capsule with elbow joint
strengthened b attachments of the anterior capsula and lateral collateral ligaments of elbow joint

43
Q

articulation of proximal radioulnar joint

A

head of radius

radial notch of ulna

44
Q

ligament for proximal radioulnar joint

A

annular ligament

45
Q

annular ligament

A

circle head of radius and attaches to ulna above and inferior to radial notch

46
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

synovial pivot joint

47
Q

articulation of distal radioulnar joint

A

head of ulna

ulnar notch of radius

48
Q

ligaments of distal radioulnar joint

A

capsular ligaments

-weak anterior and posterior transverse bands between the distal radius and ulna

49
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

fibrocartilagenous articular disk
-attaches the distal radius to ulnar styloid
-

50
Q

proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

A 
both synovial pivot joints
allow pronation/supination
muscles:
-pronator teres and quadratus
-supinator and biceps brachii
51
Q

antebrachial syndesmosis

A

at wrist - radius bears weight
at elbow - ulna bears weight

transfer weight across interosseous membrane
-lines down to ulna

52
Q

radiocarpal wrist joint

A

synovial ellipsoidal and condyloid joint

53
Q

articulation of wrist joint

A

distal radius and articular disk of distal radioulnar joint

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform not at all

54
Q

ligaments of wrist joint

A

articular capsule
palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments and the ulnocarpal ligament

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

55
Q

intercarpal joints

A

synovial plane joints

56
Q

articulation of intercarpal joints

A

articular surfaces between carpals of proximal and distal row

articular surfaces between proximal and distal row of carpal bones

57
Q

mid-carpal joint

A

exists because there is no interosseous ligaments between proximal and distal rows of carpals

-allows for increased flexibility during flexion, extension, and opposition

58
Q

three joints of hand?

A

wrist joint
midcarpal joint
carpo-metacarpal joint

59
Q

interosseous ligaments

A

align proximal row of carpals
align distal row of carpals

not between proximal and distal rows
-allow for the flexibility at the mid-carpal joint

60
Q

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?

A

synovial saddle joint
-can circumduct

aka basal joint of thumb

loose articular capsule allows freedom of movement typical of this joint:
adduction, abduction, circumduction, opposition

61
Q

carpometacarpal joints

A

synovial plane joints

62
Q

deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

A

unites palmar surface of heads of metacarpals 2-5

  • blend with palmar metacarpophalangeal ligaments
  • limit spread of heads of metacarpals

extrinsic but increases the integrity of carpometacarpal joints

63
Q

metacarpalphalangeal joints

A

synovial condyloid joints

dorsally, these joints are strengthened by passage of the tendons of extensor digitorum (2-5) and extensor pollicis longus and brevis in digit 1

64
Q

articulation of metacahpalphalangeal joints

A

heads of all metacarpals

bases of five proximal phalanges

65
Q

ligaments of metacarpalphalangeal joints

A

articular capsule
collateral metacarpophalangeal ligaments
palmar metacarpophalangeal ligaments

66
Q

interphalangeal joints

A

synovial hinge joints

67
Q

articulation of interphalangeal joints

A

head of one phalanx to the base of the more distal phalanx

68
Q

shorthand for joints?

A

MP - metacarpalphalangeal
PIP - proximal interphalangeal
DIP - distal interphalangeal

MSS - MSK Exam 2 (13 decks)

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