Joints of the Upper Limb Flashcards
sternoclavicular joint
synovial saddle joint
- modified ball and socket
- allows circumduction
articulation of the sternoclavicular joint
manubrium
costal cartilage of 1st rib
sternal end of clavicle
ligaments of sternoclavicular joint
articular capsule
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament
interclavicular ligament
along the jugular notch
spans two clavicle
keep them from being pulled apart
costoclavicular ligament
from 1st rib and its costal cartilage
limits elevation
articular disc
strongest part of sternoclavicular joint
-prevents upward and medial dislocation
fibrocartilagenous**
medial superior border of clavicle to cartilage of 1st rib
**most important modification of joint stability
arterial supply of the sternoclavicular joint?
branches from:
- internal thoracic artery
- suprascapular artery (subclavian artery)
- highest thoracic artery
- clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery (axillary artery)
NOT ON TEST
innervation of sternoclavicular joint?
medial supraclavicular nerves ( C3 C4)
nerve to subclavius ( C5. C6)
NOT ON TEST
subclavius muscle
protects against over elevation and protraction of clavicle
-helps to maintain the sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
weak joint
-weak ligaments
synovial gliding joint
still covered in fibrocartilage
-with incomplete articular disc
articulations of the acromioclavicular joint
acromion process of scapula
lateral end of clavicle
ligaments of the acromioclavicular ligaments
articular capsule
superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments
coracoclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligaments?
conoid part - medial
trapezoid part - lateral
**maintain integrity of the acromioclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint?
ball and socket synovial joint
articulations of the glenohumeral joint?
glenoid cavity of scapula
head of humerus
ligaments of glenohumeral joint?
articular capsule
coracohumeral ligament
coracoacromial ligament
transverse humeral ligament
articular capsule of glenohumeral joint?
attached to brim of glenoid cavity and anatomic nieck of humerus
thin and loose
-contributes to joint flexibility in ALL ranges
coracohumeral ligament
from coracoid process and blends laterally with capsule immediately anterior to greater tubercle of humerus along the appxorimate path of anatomical neck
prevents inferior dislocation
coracoacromial ligament
forms roof over glenohumeral joint
-prevents superior dislocation
transverse humeral ligament
anteriorly spans intertubercular groove to precisely locate the tendon of the long head of the biceps
bursa in glenohumeral joint?
deltoid and subacromial bursa
glenoid labrum
fibrocartilagenous elevation surrounding glenoid cavity
brim around joint cavity
- assists in increasing depth of socket
- increases contact by 50%
tendons of biceps brachii?
long head traverses intertubucula grove into the interior of the glenohumeral joint where it attaches superiorly to the glenoid labrum
**triceps is outside joint
glenohumeral bands or ligaments?
superior, middle, inferior (variable)
seen on internal aspect of anterior wall
attach above to anterior glenoid labrum and below the lesser tubercle and anatomic neck of the humerus
help to prevent anterior and posterior inferior dislocation
**not as good anteriorly
deltoid muscle
multipennate
main strength mover of the glenohumeral joint
rotator cuff muscles
subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus
**maintain integrity of the glenohumeral joint
distraction
if one of rotator cuff muscles is injured
-glenohumeral joint integrity is messed up
humeroscapular rhythm
1-2 degree scapular rotation for every 2-3 degrees of glenohumeral rotation
therefore, 90 degree abduction:
- 60 degree humeral rotation
- 30 degree scapular rotation
abduction of upper limb
starting with contraction of supraspinatus
-pushes head of humerus inferiorly
DO THE READING
strength of shoulder joint
deltoid
stability of shoulder joint
rotator cuff muscles
flexibility of shoulder joint
capsule
integrity of shoulder joint
glenoid labrum and glenohumeral ligaments
range of motion of shoulder abduction
ball and socket joint
shalow glenoid cavity
loose fibrous capsule
glenohumeral rotation of shoulder abduction
deltoid
rotator cuff muscles
scapular rotation of shoulder abduction
trapezius
serratus anterior
humeral rotation of shoulder abduction
infraspinatus
teres minor
elbow joint
synovial hinge joint
allows flexion and extension
-no side to side movement
articulation of elbow joint
trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna
capitulum of humerus with head of radius
head of radius with radial notch of the ulna
-proximal radio-ulnar articulation
ligaments of elbow joints
collateral ligaments
articular capsule
ulna collateral ligaments
anterior - strongest
-medial epicondyle of humerus to tubercle on coronoid process of ulna
posterior - weaker
-medial epicondyle of humerus to medial edge of olecranon process
oblique - weakest
- attaches to medial aspect of ulna to deepen socket for trochlea
- helps close semilunar notch of ulna medially
**form triangle
proximal radioulnar joint
synovial pivot joint
shares joint capsule with elbow joint
strengthened b attachments of the anterior capsula and lateral collateral ligaments of elbow joint
articulation of proximal radioulnar joint
head of radius
radial notch of ulna
ligament for proximal radioulnar joint
annular ligament
annular ligament
circle head of radius and attaches to ulna above and inferior to radial notch
distal radioulnar joint
synovial pivot joint
articulation of distal radioulnar joint
head of ulna
ulnar notch of radius
ligaments of distal radioulnar joint
capsular ligaments
-weak anterior and posterior transverse bands between the distal radius and ulna
distal radioulnar joint
fibrocartilagenous articular disk
-attaches the distal radius to ulnar styloid
-
proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints
both synovial pivot joints allow pronation/supination muscles: -pronator teres and quadratus -supinator and biceps brachii
antebrachial syndesmosis
at wrist - radius bears weight
at elbow - ulna bears weight
transfer weight across interosseous membrane
-lines down to ulna
radiocarpal wrist joint
synovial ellipsoidal and condyloid joint
articulation of wrist joint
distal radius and articular disk of distal radioulnar joint
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform not at all
ligaments of wrist joint
articular capsule
palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments and the ulnocarpal ligament
radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
intercarpal joints
synovial plane joints
articulation of intercarpal joints
articular surfaces between carpals of proximal and distal row
articular surfaces between proximal and distal row of carpal bones
mid-carpal joint
exists because there is no interosseous ligaments between proximal and distal rows of carpals
-allows for increased flexibility during flexion, extension, and opposition
three joints of hand?
wrist joint
midcarpal joint
carpo-metacarpal joint
interosseous ligaments
align proximal row of carpals
align distal row of carpals
not between proximal and distal rows
-allow for the flexibility at the mid-carpal joint
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
synovial saddle joint
-can circumduct
aka basal joint of thumb
loose articular capsule allows freedom of movement typical of this joint:
adduction, abduction, circumduction, opposition
carpometacarpal joints
synovial plane joints
deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
unites palmar surface of heads of metacarpals 2-5
- blend with palmar metacarpophalangeal ligaments
- limit spread of heads of metacarpals
extrinsic but increases the integrity of carpometacarpal joints
metacarpalphalangeal joints
synovial condyloid joints
dorsally, these joints are strengthened by passage of the tendons of extensor digitorum (2-5) and extensor pollicis longus and brevis in digit 1
articulation of metacahpalphalangeal joints
heads of all metacarpals
bases of five proximal phalanges
ligaments of metacarpalphalangeal joints
articular capsule
collateral metacarpophalangeal ligaments
palmar metacarpophalangeal ligaments
interphalangeal joints
synovial hinge joints
articulation of interphalangeal joints
head of one phalanx to the base of the more distal phalanx
shorthand for joints?
MP - metacarpalphalangeal
PIP - proximal interphalangeal
DIP - distal interphalangeal
