Joints + movements Flashcards
what are the articulating bones of the shoulder?
humerus + scapula
what are the articulating bones of the hip?
pelvic girdle + femur
what are the articulating bones of the knee?
femur + tibia
what are the articulating bones of the elbow?
humerus, radius + ulna
what are the articulating bones of the ankle?
tibia, fibula + talus
what are the articulating bones of the wrist?
radius, ulna + carpals
what is the function of flat bones?
protects internal organs, sites for muscular attachment
what are the examples of flat bones in the body?
sternum, ribs, cranium, pelvic girdle
what is the function of long bones?
acts as levers for movement, sites for blood cell production
what are the examples of long bones in the body?
femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges
what is the function of irregular bones?
protects the spinal cord
what are the examples of irregular bones in the body?
vertebrae
what is the function of short bones?
bears weight well
what are the examples of short bones in the body?
carpals, tarsals
what is the function of sesamoid bones?
eases joint movement and resists compression
what are the examples of sesamoid bones in the body?
patella
what is the structure of a ligament?
a tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue
what is the function of a ligament?
connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement
what is the structure of synovial fluid?
lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity
what is the function of synovial fluid?
reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage
what is the structure of articular cartilage?
smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones
what is the function of articular cartilage?
absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement
what is the structure of a joint capsule?
a fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
what is the function of a joint capsule?
encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid
what is the structure of a bursa?
a closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
what is the function of a bursa?
reduces friction between tendons and bones
what are the examples of a hinge joint in the body?
elbow, knee, ankle
what are the examples of a ball and socket joint in the body?
shoulder, hip
what are the examples of a condyloid joint in the body?
wrist
what are the movements possible at a hinge joint?
flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion
what are the movements possible at a ball and socket joint?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation
what are the movements possible at a condyloid joint?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
what is the definition of flexion?
movement which decreases the angle at a joint
what is the definition of extension?
movement which increases the angle at a joint
what is the definition of plantar flexion?
movement at the ankle joint as the toes move downwards
what is the definition of dorsiflexion?
movement at the ankle joint as the toes move upwards
what is the definition of abduction?
movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body
what is the definition of adduction?
movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body
what is the definition of horizontal flexion?
movement of limb towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground
what is the definition of horizontal extension?
movement of limb away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground
what is the definition of lateral rotation?
movement whereby articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis away from the body
what is the definition of medial rotation?
movement whereby articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis towards the body
how does the sagittal plane divide the body?
left + right
what movements are possible at the sagittal plane?
flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion
how does the frontal plane divide the body?
anterior + posterior
what movements are possible at the frontal plane?
abduction, adduction
how does the transverse plane divide the body?
top + bottom
what movements are possible at the transverse plane?
medial rotation, lateral rotation, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension
