Joints + movements

Question 1

what are the articulating bones of the shoulder?

Answer 1

humerus + scapula

Question 2

what are the articulating bones of the hip?

Answer 2

pelvic girdle + femur

Question 3

what are the articulating bones of the knee?

Answer 3

femur + tibia

Question 4

what are the articulating bones of the elbow?

Answer 4

humerus, radius + ulna

Question 5

what are the articulating bones of the ankle?

Answer 5

tibia, fibula + talus

Question 6

what are the articulating bones of the wrist?

Answer 6

radius, ulna + carpals

Question 7

what is the function of flat bones?

Answer 7

protects internal organs, sites for muscular attachment

Question 8

what are the examples of flat bones in the body?

Answer 8

sternum, ribs, cranium, pelvic girdle

Question 9

what is the function of long bones?

Answer 9

acts as levers for movement, sites for blood cell production

Question 10

what are the examples of long bones in the body?

Answer 10

femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges

Question 11

what is the function of irregular bones?

Answer 11

protects the spinal cord

Question 12

what are the examples of irregular bones in the body?

Answer 12

vertebrae

Question 13

what is the function of short bones?

Answer 13

bears weight well

Question 14

what are the examples of short bones in the body?

Answer 14

carpals, tarsals

Question 15

what is the function of sesamoid bones?

Answer 15

eases joint movement and resists compression

Question 16

what are the examples of sesamoid bones in the body?

Answer 16

patella

Question 17

what is the structure of a ligament?

Answer 17

a tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

Question 18

what is the function of a ligament?

Answer 18

connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement

Question 19

what is the structure of synovial fluid?

Answer 19

lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity

Question 20

what is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 20

reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage

Question 21

what is the structure of articular cartilage?

Answer 21

smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones

Question 22

what is the function of articular cartilage?

Answer 22

absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement

Question 23

what is the structure of a joint capsule?

Answer 23

a fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane

Question 24

what is the function of a joint capsule?

Answer 24

encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid

Question 25

what is the structure of a bursa?

Answer 25

a closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones

Question 26

what is the function of a bursa?

Answer 26

reduces friction between tendons and bones

Question 27

what are the examples of a hinge joint in the body?

Answer 27

elbow, knee, ankle

Question 28

what are the examples of a ball and socket joint in the body?

Answer 28

shoulder, hip

Question 29

what are the examples of a condyloid joint in the body?

Answer 29

wrist

Question 30

what are the movements possible at a hinge joint?

Answer 30

flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

Question 31

what are the movements possible at a ball and socket joint?

Answer 31

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation

Question 32

what are the movements possible at a condyloid joint?

Answer 32

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 33

what is the definition of flexion?

Answer 33

movement which decreases the angle at a joint

Question 34

what is the definition of extension?

Answer 34

movement which increases the angle at a joint

Question 35

what is the definition of plantar flexion?

Answer 35

movement at the ankle joint as the toes move downwards

Question 36

what is the definition of dorsiflexion?

Answer 36

movement at the ankle joint as the toes move upwards

Question 37

what is the definition of abduction?

Answer 37

movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body

Question 38

what is the definition of adduction?

Answer 38

movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body

Question 39

what is the definition of horizontal flexion?

Answer 39

movement of limb towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground

Question 40

what is the definition of horizontal extension?

Answer 40

movement of limb away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground

Question 41

what is the definition of lateral rotation?

Answer 41

movement whereby articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis away from the body

Question 42

what is the definition of medial rotation?

Answer 42

movement whereby articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis towards the body

Question 43

how does the sagittal plane divide the body?

Answer 43

left + right

Question 44

what movements are possible at the sagittal plane?

Answer 44

flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

Question 45

how does the frontal plane divide the body?

Answer 45

anterior + posterior

Question 46

what movements are possible at the frontal plane?

Answer 46

abduction, adduction

Question 47

how does the transverse plane divide the body?

Answer 47

top + bottom

Question 48

what movements are possible at the transverse plane?

Answer 48

medial rotation, lateral rotation, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension