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PE P1 - Skeletal + Muscular Systems > Joints + movements > Flashcards

Joints + movements Flashcards

1
Q

what are the articulating bones of the shoulder?

A

humerus + scapula

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2
Q

what are the articulating bones of the hip?

A

pelvic girdle + femur

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3
Q

what are the articulating bones of the knee?

A

femur + tibia

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4
Q

what are the articulating bones of the elbow?

A

humerus, radius + ulna

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5
Q

what are the articulating bones of the ankle?

A

tibia, fibula + talus

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6
Q

what are the articulating bones of the wrist?

A

radius, ulna + carpals

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7
Q

what is the function of flat bones?

A

protects internal organs, sites for muscular attachment

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8
Q

what are the examples of flat bones in the body?

A

sternum, ribs, cranium, pelvic girdle

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9
Q

what is the function of long bones?

A

acts as levers for movement, sites for blood cell production

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10
Q

what are the examples of long bones in the body?

A

femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges

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11
Q

what is the function of irregular bones?

A

protects the spinal cord

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12
Q

what are the examples of irregular bones in the body?

A

vertebrae

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13
Q

what is the function of short bones?

A

bears weight well

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14
Q

what are the examples of short bones in the body?

A

carpals, tarsals

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15
Q

what is the function of sesamoid bones?

A

eases joint movement and resists compression

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16
Q

what are the examples of sesamoid bones in the body?

A

patella

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17
Q

what is the structure of a ligament?

A

a tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

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18
Q

what is the function of a ligament?

A

connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement

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19
Q

what is the structure of synovial fluid?

A

lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity

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20
Q

what is the function of synovial fluid?

A

reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage

21
Q

what is the structure of articular cartilage?

A

smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones

22
Q

what is the function of articular cartilage?

A

absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement

23
Q

what is the structure of a joint capsule?

A

a fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane

24
Q

what is the function of a joint capsule?

A

encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid

25
Q

what is the structure of a bursa?

A

a closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones

26
Q

what is the function of a bursa?

A

reduces friction between tendons and bones

27
Q

what are the examples of a hinge joint in the body?

A

elbow, knee, ankle

28
Q

what are the examples of a ball and socket joint in the body?

A

shoulder, hip

29
Q

what are the examples of a condyloid joint in the body?

A

wrist

30
Q

what are the movements possible at a hinge joint?

A

flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

31
Q

what are the movements possible at a ball and socket joint?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation

32
Q

what are the movements possible at a condyloid joint?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

33
Q

what is the definition of flexion?

A

movement which decreases the angle at a joint

34
Q

what is the definition of extension?

A

movement which increases the angle at a joint

35
Q

what is the definition of plantar flexion?

A

movement at the ankle joint as the toes move downwards

36
Q

what is the definition of dorsiflexion?

A

movement at the ankle joint as the toes move upwards

37
Q

what is the definition of abduction?

A

movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body

38
Q

what is the definition of adduction?

A

movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body

39
Q

what is the definition of horizontal flexion?

A

movement of limb towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground

40
Q

what is the definition of horizontal extension?

A

movement of limb away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground

41
Q

what is the definition of lateral rotation?

A

movement whereby articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis away from the body

42
Q

what is the definition of medial rotation?

A

movement whereby articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis towards the body

43
Q

how does the sagittal plane divide the body?

A

left + right

44
Q

what movements are possible at the sagittal plane?

A

flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

45
Q

how does the frontal plane divide the body?

A

anterior + posterior

46
Q

what movements are possible at the frontal plane?

A

abduction, adduction

47
Q

how does the transverse plane divide the body?

A

top + bottom

48
Q

what movements are possible at the transverse plane?

A

medial rotation, lateral rotation, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension

PE P1 - Skeletal + Muscular Systems (4 decks)

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