Joints, Movement and Muscles Flashcards
What are the 3 types of synovial joints?
ball and socket
hinge
condyloid
Describe ball and socket joint giving an example and the planes of movement
The rounded end of one bone fits into a cuplike end of the other bone.
3 planes of movement: frontal, sagittal and transverse
e.g hip and shoulder
describe hinge joint giving an example and the planes of movement
The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of the other bones.
1 plane of movement : sagittal
e.g. elbow, knee, ankle
describe condyloid joint giving an example and planes of movement
similar to ball and socket joint, but the curved surfaces are much flatter.
2 planes of movement: frontal, sagittal
e.g. wrist
what are the 11 types of movement?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction, dorsi flexion, plantar flexion
what are the 9 antagonistic muscle pairs?
anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid, medial deltoid and latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and teres minor, bicep brachii and tricep brachii, wrist flexors and wrist extensors, iliopsoas and gluteus medius & minimus and adductor longus & brevis & magnus, hamstring group (biceps femoris, semi-membranosus, semi-tendinosus) and quadriceps group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vasts intermedius, vastus medialis), tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius & soleus.
what are the 3 planes of movement?
sagittal
transverse
frontal
describe the position, body and joint movement of the sagittal plane
it divides the body left and right
the body movement is forwards and backwards like a cartwheel
their are 4 joint movements flexion, extension, dorsi flexion and plantar flexion
describe the position, body and joint movement of the transverse plane
it divides the body top and bottom
the body of movement is rotational e.g. a full twist
there are 3 joint movements rotation, horizontal flexion and horizontal extension.
describe the position, body and joint movements of the frontal plane
it divides the body front and back
the body of movement is right and left lateral e.g. a summersault
there are two joint movements abduction and adduction
what is an agonist muscle?
the muscle responsible for the movement at a joint e.g. the bicep contraction during flexion at the elbow
what is an antagonist muscle?
the muscle that extends or relaxes as the agonist contracts. it has an action opposite to that of the agonist. e.g. the tricep relaxes during flexion at the elbow
what is a fixator muscle?
the muscle(s) that supports the joint where the origin of the agonist sits. it helps the agonist function efiiciently. e.g. the rotator cuff muscles (guardians of the shoulder joint), or the bicep during flexion of the elbow.
