Joints, Ligaments, Nerves and Vessels

Question 1

What are Ligaments and their properties?

Answer 1

1. Dense white fibrous tissue, very tough but has flexibility, simlar to Tendons.
2. Attach bone to bone, arranged around joints either inside or outside the joint capsule
3. Poor vascular supply, so very slow to heal

Question 2

What is Cartilage and its properties?

Answer 2

1. Provides protection and support. has a high tensile strength and is restistant to shearing forces, allowing friction free movement
2. Avascular - receives nutrients by diffusion
3. Articular Cartilage has no nerve supply
4. Type of Elastic Tissue
5. Covers the surface of joints

Question 3

What is Hyaline Cartilage?

Answer 3

1. Bluish white translucent appearance
2. Covers the articular ends of bones in synovial joints
3. Provides a smooth, wear-resistant surface to allow frictionless movement

Question 4

What is Fibrous Cartilage?

Answer 4

1. White dense fibrous tissue

2. At points of friction it is tough enough to withstand long term effects of pressure and fricion

Question 5

What is Elastic Fibrocartilage?

Answer 5

1. Contains yellow elastic fibres, more flexible than the other cartilages

Question 6

What is a Joint?

Answer 6

Where two or more bones meet

Question 7

What are the three types of Joints?

Answer 7

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 8

What are fibrous joints, and what are the three types of fibrous joint?

Answer 8

1. ‘Fixed’ joints -bones are united by the strong fibrous connective tissue
2. Three types:
   a. Sutures - Found in the skull only
   b. Gomphosis - Peg and socket joint
   c. Syndesmosis - Closely opposed bony surfaces bound by an interosseus ligament

Question 9

What are cartilaginous joints, and their two types?

Answer 9

1. Slightly moveable - bones are united by a continues plate of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
2. two types:
   a. Synchrondosis - Primary, found in long bones
   b. Symphysis - Secondary - bony surfaces are seperates by a disc of fibrocartilage

Question 10

What are synovial joints and their four types?

Answer 10

1. Freely moveable joints
2. Components are:
   a. Articular Cartilage
   b. Articular capsule
   c. synovial membrane and fluid
3. four types:
   a. Uniaxial
   b. Biaxial
   c. Multiaxial
   d. Non-axial