Joints, Bursae, Synovial Tendon Sheaths

Question 1

2 types of joints

Answer 1

Synathroses (together joints)

Diarthroses (moveable joints)

Question 2

3 types of synarthrodial joints

Answer 2

1. Syndesmosis
2. Synchondrosis
3. Synostosis

Question 3

Syndesmosis

Answer 3

• Fibrous joint
• opposed bones are joined by intervening fibrous tissue
  examples: –interosseous membrane between ulna & radius
  - - sutures of skull (disappear w/ age)

Question 4

Synchondrosis

Answer 4

• Cartilaginous joint
• bones separated by cartilage

3 types:

• Epiphyseal plate: primary cartilaginous joint (disappears w/ age)
• Intervertebral disc: secondary cartilaginous joint. made of fibrocartilage–between bodies of vertebrae
• Symphysis: secondary cartilaginous joint. found between 2 pubic bones

Question 5

Synostosis

Answer 5

2 bones joined together by bone!

e.g. frontal bones, epiphyseal plate (line)

Question 6

Features of diathrodial joints

Answer 6

• -Synovial space
• -Synovial fluid
• -fibrous capsule
• -synovial membrane or sac (lines the capsule)
• -articular surface (made of hyaline cartilage

Question 7

Bursae

Answer 7

fluid-filled sacs that separate certain muscles, tendons, skin and fascia from bone

• -contains synovial fluid
• -serous membrane produces the synovial fluid

Question 8

Synovial tendon sheaths

Answer 8

surround tendons

inner layer–>visceral layer
outer layer–>parietal layer

Question 9

Types of synovial joints

Answer 9

• *Hinge joints: flexion&extension–> elbow
• *Ball and socket joints: multiaxial articulations–> hip, shoulder

Plane joints: permit gliding/sliding–>facet joints
Saddle joints: biaxial joints–>carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Condyloid joints: allow movement in 2 directions–> metacarpophalangeal joints
Pivot joints: permit rotation around longitudinal axis–>proximal radioulnar joint

Question 10

Arthritis

Answer 10

Inflammation of a joint

Question 11

Synovitis

Answer 11

Inflammation of the synovial membrane

Question 12

Bursitis

Answer 12

inflammation of a bursa