Joints and muscles

Question 1

sternoclavicular joint

Answer 1

clavicular notch of manubrium and sternal end of clavicle

Question 2

acromioclavicular joint

Answer 2

acromion of scapula and acromial end of clavicle

Question 3

glenohumeral joint

Answer 3

• head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
• articular capsule (encapsulates synovial cavity): 1. outer fiborous capsule and 2. inner synovial membrane (prod. of synovial fluid)
• fluid +cartilage reduce friction and shock, fluid provides nutrients and removes waste

Question 4

humeroradial/humeroulnar joint

Answer 4

flexion/extension
1. head of radius and
capitulum of humerus
2. trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus

Question 5

Prox. and distal radioulnar joints

Answer 5

pronation/supination

• prox: head of radius and radial notch of ulna
  distal: head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

Question 6

agonist
antagonist
synergist
fixator

Answer 6

• muscle most directly responsible for movement
• muscle that acts in opposition to agonist
• muscle that assists agonist
• muscle that prevents unwanted movement

Question 7

serratus group

Answer 7

serratus anterior, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae

Question 8

rotator cuff

Answer 8

subscapularis, supraspinous, infraspinous, teres minor

Question 9

coxal (hip) joint

Answer 9

head of femur and acetabulum

Question 10

serratus anterior

Answer 10

O: ribs 1-8 or 9
I: vertebral border of scapula
A: upward rotation of scapula

Question 11

rhomboid minor

Answer 11

O:C7-T1
I: superior border of scapula superior to spine
A: adduction, downward rotation, elevation

Question 12

rhomboid major

Answer 12

O:T2-T5
I: vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine
A: adduction, downward rotation, elevation

Question 13

levator scapulae

Answer 13

O: transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Vertebral border of scapula (superior)
A: elevation and downward rotation

Question 14

supraspinatus

Answer 14

O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubricle of humerus
A: abduction

Question 15

infraspinatus

Answer 15

O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubricle of humerus
A: lateral rotation

Question 16

subscapularis

Answer 16

O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubricle of humerus
A: medial rotation

Question 17

teres minor

Answer 17

O: lateral border of scapula (inferior)
I: greater tubricle of humerus
A: lateral rotation and extension

Question 18

teres major

Answer 18

O: inferior angle of scapula
I: intertubercular sulcus
A: extension, adduction, medial rotation

Question 19

deltoid

Answer 19

O: clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: abduction, flexion, lateral rotation

Question 20

trapezius

Answer 20

O: occipital pertuberance, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12
I: clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula
A: Upper: upward rotation
middle: adduction of scapula
lower: depression/upward rotation

Question 21

triceps brachii

Answer 21

O: infraglenoid tubricle of scapula (long head) and posterior surface of humerus (medial and lateral heads)
I: olecranon of ulna
A: extension of arm and forarm

Question 22

biceps brachii

Answer 22

O: supraglenoid tubricle of scapula (long head) and coracoid process of scapula (short head)
I: radial tuberosity of radius
A: flexion of arm and forearm, supination

Question 23

brachialis

Answer 23

O: distal, anterior surface of humerus
I: ulnar tuberosity and coranoid process of ulna
A: flexion of forearm

Question 24

brachioradialis

Answer 24

O: distal end of humerus
I: above styloid process of radius
A: flexion and supination and pronation

Question 25

pectoralis major

Answer 25

O: clavicular head, sternum, and ribs 2-6
I: greater tubercle and intubercular sulcus of humerus
A: abduction and medial rotation of arm

Question 26

latissimus dorsi

Answer 26

O: T7-L5, crests of sacrum and ilium, ribs 9-12
I:intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A: extension, adduction, and medial rotation of arm

Question 27

iliacus

Answer 27

O: iliac fossa and sacrum
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: flexion, lateral rotation

Question 28

psoas major

Answer 28

O: transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebre
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: flexion and lateral rotation

Question 29

• scoliosis
• kyphosis
• lordosis

Answer 29

• abnormal lateral curve
• exaggeration @ thorasic region (hunchback)
• exaggeration @ lumbar region (common in obese and pregnant people)

Question 30

herniation

Answer 30

tear of annulus fibrosus, (gel-like nucleus pulposus impinges on spinal nerve)

Question 31

atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 31

• occipital chondyles and superior articular facet of C1

- flexion/extension (“yes)

Question 32

atlanto-axial joint

Answer 32

• inferior articular facet of atlas and superior articular facet of axis
• rotation (“no”)

Question 33

differences between vertebre

Answer 33

• cervical: smaller, bifid spinous process, and transverse foramen (contains vertebral arteries)
  thorasic: have transverse costal facet on transverse process for rib tubricle, demi-facets, and spinous processes pointed down
  lumbar: large body and short and stumpy spinous processes

Question 34

scapulothoracic joint

Answer 34

• not a true joint
• scapula moves over thorax (chest) to increase range of motion in shoulder
• upward and downward rotation, depression/elevation, and abduction/adduction