joints and lymph nodes

Question 1

Superficial cervical fascia

Answer 1

between the dermis and deep fascia; contains the platysma muscle

Question 2

Deep cervical fascia

Answer 2

includes Superficial (investing) layer (lamina), Carotid sheath, Prevertebral fascia, Pretracheal (visceral) fascia (lamina)

Question 3

Superficial (investing) layer (lamina)

Answer 3

extends from the mastoid & mandible to the clavicle & acromion, and from the ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes to the midline; surrounds the trapezius, SCM and inferior portion of the parotid gland; continuous with remainder of the parotid fascia

Question 4

Carotid sheath

Answer 4

surrounds the common & internal carotid a., internal jugular v. and the vagus n.

Question 5

Prevertebral fascia

Answer 5

extends lateral & anterior to levator scapulae, longus colli & capitis, and scalene muscles to form the floor of the posterior triangle; from base of skull to mediastinum; continuous with axillary sheath and anterior longitudinal ligament; defines the posterior boundary of the retropharyngeal space

Question 6

Pretracheal (visceral) fascia (lamina)

Answer 6

surrounds the infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, esophagus and trachea; continuous with the buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 7

Pharyngobasilar fascia

Answer 7

internal epimysium of the constrictor muscles; extends from the base of the skull (pharyngeal tubercle) to the pterygomandibular raphe & pharyngeal raphe

Question 8

Buccopharyngeal fascia

Answer 8

external epimysium of the constrictor muscles; continuous with the pretracheal fascia

Question 9

Atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 9

synovial classification- ellipsoidal, flexion/ extension, slight lateral flexion

Question 10

Median atlanto-axial joint

Answer 10

synovial classification- pivot, rotation

Question 11

Lateral atlanto-axial joint

Answer 11

synovial classification- plane or gliding, rotation

Question 12

Intervertebral joint

Answer 12

symphysis

Question 13

Zygapophysial (facet) joint

Answer 13

synovial classification- plane or gliding

Question 14

Temporomandibular joint

Answer 14

Upper compartment synovial classification- plane or gliding Lower compartment synovial classification- hinge or ginglymus

Question 15

Ligamentum nuchae (Fr. nuque, back of neck)

Answer 15

attachments- from C7 spinous process to external occipital protuberance with slips to intervening spinous processes function- attachment for cervical muscles

Question 16

Transverse (cruciate) of atlas ligament

Answer 16

attachments- from lateral mass to lateral mass of atlas function- maintains articulation between dens and anterior arch of the atlas

Question 17

Tectorial membrane [L. an overlying surface] ligament

Answer 17

attachments- from the posterior surface of axial body to anterior margin of the foramen magnum function- supports atlanto-occipital & atlanto-axial joints, is continuous with posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 18

Alar (check) ligament

Answer 18

attachments- from dens to medial aspect of the occipital condyles function- limits rotation of the median atlanto-axial joint

Question 19

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane ligament

Answer 19

attachments- from anterior arch of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone function- supports atlanto-occipital joints & helps to limit extension of the head, is continuous with anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 20

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane ligament

Answer 20

attachments- from posterior arch of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone function- supports atlanto-occipital joints, is continuous with ligamentum flavum

Question 21

Lateral temporomandibular ligament

Answer 21

attachments- from zygomatic process of temporal bone to mandibular neck function- supports joint capsule in maintaining articulation, & helps to limit depression & retraction

Question 22

Stylomandibular lig.

Answer 22

attachments- from apex of styloid process to angle of mandible

Question 23

Stylohyoid ligament

Answer 23

attachments- from apex of styloid process to lesser cornu of hyoid

Question 24

Pterygomandibular raphe ligament

Answer 24

attachments- from pterygoid hamulus to posterior mylohyoid line

Question 25

Right jugular trunk

Answer 25

function- drains superficial and deep nodes into the right lymphatic duct

Question 26

Left jugular trunk

Answer 26

function- drains superficial and deep nodes into the thoracic duct

Question 27

Occipital nodes

Answer 27

Outlying node, function- drains occipital scalp

Question 28

Mastoid (Retro-auricular) nodes

Answer 28

Outlying node, function- drains ear and adjacent scalp

Question 29

Parotid nodes (G. para, beside + ous, ear)

Answer 29

Outlying node, function- drains ear, face, nose and scalp

Question 30

Buccal (facial) nodes (L. cheek)

Answer 30

Outlying node, function- drains nose and adjacent face

Question 31

Submandibular nodes

Answer 31

Outlying node, function- drains face, tongue, mouth, nose, palate and submental nodes

Question 32

Submental nodes

Answer 32

Outlying node, function- drains central lower lip and tip of tongue

Question 33

Anterior cervical

Answer 33

Outlying nodes, function- drains superficial anterior neck

Question 34

Posterior cervical (along accessory nerve)

Answer 34

Outlying node, function- drains lateral neck into supraclavicular nodes

Question 35

Retropharyngeal nodes

Answer 35

Outlying node, function- drains nasopharynx and atlanto-occipital & atlantoaxial joints

Question 36

Paratracheal nodes

Answer 36

Outlying node, function- drains trachea

Question 37

Infrahyoid, prelaryngeal and pretracheal nodes

Answer 37

Outlying node, function- drains trachea, larynx, lower pharynx & esophagus

Question 38

Supraclavicular

Answer 38

Outlying node, function- drains axial nodes

Question 39

Superior nodes

Answer 39

Terminal (deep) node, function- drains larynx, pharynx, posterior palate, posterior tongue, and occipital, retro-auricular, parotid, buccal, retropharyngeal & submandibular nodes

Question 40

Inferior nodes

Answer 40

Terminal (deep) nodes, function- drains the anterior cervical, paratracheal, infrahyoid, prelaryngeal, pretracheal, submental, supraclavicular & superior deep cervical nodes