Joints and Articulations Flashcards
What are the 2 types of skeletons?
Axial skeleton - protection of organs
Appendicular skeleton. - facilitate movement
What are the functions of bones?
Protection of vital organs
Support and stability
Movement
Attachment for musculature
Storage of minerals
Site for haematopoiesis
Describe the classification of bones with an example for each:
Long - humerus
Short - carpals
Sesamoid - patella
Pneumatic - maxilla
Flat - parietal
Irregular - vertebrae
What is a fibrous joint and the 3 divisions?
Bones concerned are bound by tough fibrous tissue
They’re strength joints
Divided into - sutures, gomphoses and syndesmoses
Describe sutures (fibrous joint) :
Immovable joints, only found between the flat, plate-
like bones of the skull
Describe syndesmoses (fibrous joint) :
Slight movement joints.
Bones held together by an interosseous membrane.
Provide strength along the length of long bones preventing them from separating.
Examples - middle radio-ulnar and
middle tibiofibular
Describe gomphoses (fibrous joints) :
Immovable joints
Found where the teeth articulate with their sockets in the maxillae or the mandible
Describe the periodontal ligament:
Fibrous connection that binds
the tooth and socket is the periodontal ligament.
What are cartilaginous joints and the divisions?
Bones are attached by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Divided into synchondroses and symphyses
What are synchondroses joints?
Known as primary cartilaginous joints
Only involve hyaline cartilage
The joints can be immovable or slightly movable
Found in thoracic cage
What are symphyses joints?
Known as secondary cartilaginous joints
Involves fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage and are slightly movable
Found in midline of body
What are synovial joints?
Ends of 2 bones are;
Coated in hyaline articular cartilage
Separated by a synovial cavity
Bound together by a fibrous capsule lined on inside by synovial membrane
Filled with synovial fluid
What are the different types of synovial joints?
Plane - sliding movement
Hinge - flexion + extension
Pivot - rotation
Saddle - concave and convex joint surfaces unite at saddle joints
Condyloid - permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and
circumduction
Ball + socket - movement in several axis
Describe the features of the vertebral column:
Cervical (C1-C7)
Thoracic (T1-T12)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Sacral (5 fused)
Coccygeal (~3 fused)
What are the 2 articulation terms?
Condyle - rounded projection
for articulation
Facet - flat, smooth area for
articulation
