Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

an articulation between two or more bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three classes of joints? (by structural classification)

A

fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of fibrous joints?

A

sutres of skull, inferior tibiofibial joints, sacroiliac joints, joints at base of teeth and manidble
- all immobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a primary cartilaginous joint? Give an example

A

Two bones united by hyaline cartilage

  • 1st sternocostal joint
  • epiphyseal growth plates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint? give an example

A

aka symphysis- articulating bones are covered in hyaline cartilage with pad of fibrocartilage between them

  • pubic symphysis
  • intervertebral discs
  • mandubriosternal joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

a highly mobile joint with a cavity between the two bones that contains synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of synovial joints? What is its role?

A

hyaline cartilage- reduces friction and absorbs shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What two synovial joints have fibrocarilage instead of hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces?

A

sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the membranes that line a joint

A
  • fibrous capsule encloses the whole joint and helps stabilise it
  • beneath this is a synovial membrane which helps enclose the synovial fluid
  • synovial fluid is found within the synovial membrane
  • hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of the bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are intervertebral discs and minisci enclosed within the synovial membrane or are synovial membranes found on top of the minisci?

A

The synovial fluid is found in top of the joint minisci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name for the sac of synovial fluid created by the synovial membrane?

A

the bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of the bursa? Are they always found within the joint cavity?

A

To reduce friction around a joint, to absorb shock and transport waste and nutrients. They are not always in communication with the joint (eg. supra platella bursa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is synovial fluid made of?

A

hyaluronic acid, lubricin, proteinase and collagenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the appearance of synovial fluid?

A

clear/ pale yellow liquid, it is alkaline at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much synovial fluid is found within an avg bursa?

A

0.5ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are miniscal discs found? what are they made of

A

fibrocartilage found at knee and vertebrae

17
Q

What type of joints have fat pads?

A

synovial joints

18
Q

is the vascular supply to articular catrilage, capsule and associated ligaments and synvial membranes good or bad?

A
  • articular cartilage avascular
  • capsule and ligaments poor blood supply
  • synovial membrane good blood supply
19
Q

Do joint capsules have a nervous supply?

A

yes for pain and proprioception, the same nerves which supply the capsule will supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin above the joint

20
Q

What types of synovial joints are there?

A
  • planar
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • chondyloid/ ellipsoidal joint
  • saddle joint
  • ball and socket
21
Q

Describe and give an example of a planar joint

A

gliding movements- side to side and back and forth.

- eg sternoclavicular joints

22
Q

Describe a hinge joint and give an example

A

movement in one axis, pully shaped

- knee, elbow

23
Q

Describe and give an example of a pivot joint

A
  • pivot point articulated with a ring, causing rotational movement
  • one axis of movement
  • eg radioulnar joint
24
Q

Describe and give an example of a condyloid joint

A
  • in between a hinge and a ball and socket joint, main movement is flexion and extension but also allows some abduction and aduction
  • 2 axis of movement
  • metacarple phalangeal joints, wrist joint
25
Q

Describe a saddle joint

A
  • one bones end is saddle shaped the other is complementary
  • allows circumduction
  • eg thumb and trapezium
26
Q

What factors affect stability and ROM of a normal joint?

A
  • structure/ shape of the bones
  • length and tension on ligaments
  • arrangement and tone of muslces
  • neighbouring soft tissues
  • hormones (ligaments tend to relax in pregnancy)
  • use/ dis use of the joint
27
Q

What is the theory to why joints crack as you stretch them?

A
  • bones pull away from each other
  • synovium expands
  • fluid volume is constant
  • vaccume is produced
  • gasses dissolved in synovial fluid are pulled out of solution
  • makes a popping sound
28
Q

What effect does ageing have on joints?

A
  • decreased synovial fluid production
  • cartilage wears out
  • ligaments shorten and weaken

MSK (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions