Joints Flashcards
3 types of joints
- Fibrous Joints
- Cartilaginous Joints
- Synovial Joints
Fibrous joints
cranial sutures and interosseous membrane
2 types of cartilaginous joints
- primary : temporary cartilaginous union between bones
- secondary : permanent
6 types of synovial joints
- ball and socket
- condyloid
- saddle
- pivot
- hinge
- gliding
Synovial joints
- bones united by capsule containing synovial fluid
-
Articular cartilage and functions
thin layer of cartilage covering bones of synovial joint
functions : reduces friction, absorbs shock
Joint capsule
(Articular capsule)
- membrane enclosing synovial joint
- covers both articular ends
- filled with synovial fluid
Ligaments in synovial joints
bundles of dense connective tissue
- resist strain
- prevent extreme movements that damage joints
Bursae
- small sac lined by synovial membrane, filled with synovial fluid
- provides cushion
Hinge joint
uniaxial (elbow)
Ball and socket joint
multiaxial (hip)
pivot joint
two upper neck bones in cervical spine
gliding joint
wrists and ankles
condyloid joint
knuckles/metacarpals
saddle joint
two concaves, thumb
What affects the stability of a joint?
- articular surface (size/shape/arrangment)
- ligaments
- muscles (tone)
proprioception
sensory receptors found within muscle spindles. Subconscious awareness of your body in space
Factors that affect joint movement (baes samii gog)
- bone/joint structure
- amount of tissue
- elasticity (double jointed or not)
- skin
- muscle temp
- aging
- genetics
- inactivity
- obesity
- injury or scar tissue
- gender
4 diff roles of muscles during movement
- agonist (prime mover)
- antagonist (relaxed)
- synergist (stabilises joint of movement)
- fixator (stabiliser origin)
Range of motion
how far a joint moves
Range of motion exercises
- Active (no assistance)
- Passive (assistance)
- Resisted (test strength - lifting weights)
6 movements of joints
- flexion
- extension
- hyperextension
- circumduction
- adduction
- abduction
