Blood

Question 1

What are the major constituents of blood?

Answer 1

• Plasma (55%)

- Formed Elements (45%): Red blood cells (44%))/white blood cells (<1%) and platelets (<1%)

Question 2

Red Blood Cells

Answer 2

• (erythrocytes) carry O2 and CO2
• bag of hemoglobin
• no nucleus

Question 3

White Blood Cells

Answer 3

(leukocytes) involved in immune response

Question 4

Platelets

Answer 4

• (thrombocytes) fragments of cells that release granuoles that cause blood to clot
• formed from stem cells (megakaryocytes) in red bone marrow

Question 5

Components of blood plasma

Answer 5

• 90-95% water
• proteins : albumin (osmotic pressure), clotting factors, antibodies
• nutrients
• electrolytes
• hormones
• vitamins

Question 6

Antigens and Antibodies

Answer 6

Antigens (agglutinogens) - foreign subs in blood causing IS to create antibodies
Antibodies (agglutinin) - alerts IS of threat

Question 7

ABO Blood Type Group

Answer 7

blood type depends on the antigen (protein marker) that is on a red blood cell

Question 8

Type A

Answer 8

• RBC have an A – antigen

- develop anti-B antibodies

Question 9

Type B

Answer 9

• RBC have B – antigen

- develop anti-A antibodies

Question 10

Type AB

Answer 10

• RBC have both A – and B – antigens
• No antibodies
• Universal Receivers

Question 11

Type O

Answer 11

• RBC do not have A – and B – antigens
• develop anti-A/B antibodies
• Universal Donors
• no immune response

Question 12

Common Blood Tests

Answer 12

• Complete blood Count (CBC) includes red and white BC
• Platelet counts
• Electrolytes
• enzymes
• hormones

Question 13

red blood cell (RBC) counts

should be…

Answer 13

4.5 – 5.5 million per ųL

Question 14

white blood cell (WBC) counts

should be…

Answer 14

5000 – 10000 per ųL

Question 15

Platelet counts

should be…

Answer 15

150,000 – 450,000 per ųL