Joints

Question 1

What are the 3 classifications (types) of joint?

Answer 1

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 2

Describe to me a fibrous joint and give examples

Answer 2

Lacks synovial cavity
Articulating bones connected by fibrous CT
Permit little or no movement

Suture Joints of Skull
Inferior Tibiofibular Joint
Radioulnar Interosseous Membrane
Posterior Sacrioiliac Joint

Question 3

Describe to me a cartilaginous joint, and give examples

Answer 3

Lacks synovial cavity
Articulating bones connected by cartilage
Permit little or no movement

Primary - Connecting tissue is hyaline eg epiphyseal plate
Secondary - Connecting tissue is fibrocartilage eg pubic symphysis

Question 4

Describe to me a synovial joint

Answer 4

• Synovial cavity
• Articulating cartilage
• Articular capsule with outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane
• May contain accessory ligaments, intracapsular ligaments, or articular discs/menisci
• Rich blood and nerve supplies

Question 5

List the types of synovial joint (6)

Answer 5

Planar
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid/Ellipsoidal
Saddle
Ball-and-socket

Question 6

Describe a planar joint and its range of movement

Answer 6

• Gliding movement
• Articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved
• Side-to-side or back-and-forth
• No movement around any axis: Nonaxial
• Eg Sternoclavicular

Question 7

Describe a hinge joint and its range of motion

Answer 7

• Monoaxial/Uniaxial
• Convex surface of one bone nestles in the concave surface of another
• Flexion and extension
• Eg Knee, elbow

Question 8

Describe a pivot joint and its range of motion

Answer 8

• Monoaxial
• Rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates within a ring formed by both bone and ligament
• Rotation may occur
• Eg Atlas rotating around dens of the axis

Question 9

Describe a condyloid/ellipsoidal joint and its range of movement

Answer 9

• Biaxial
• Oval condyloid of one bone rests against elliptical cavity of another
• Four angular movements are permitted
• Eg Wrist

Question 10

Describe a saddle joint and its range of movement

Answer 10

• Biaxial
• Articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, while the other bone’s articulating surface resembles legs bestriding the saddle
• Four angular movements
• Eg trapezium and base of first metacarpal

Question 11

Describe a ball-and-socket joint and its range of movement

Answer 11

• Multiaxial
• Ball of one bone rests in depression of other
• Four angular movements, and rotation can occur
• Shoulder and Hip