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anatomy chapters 6, 7, 8 & 9 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

0
Q

Joint

A

Is a site of articulation. Functions are to give skeleton mobility and hold skeleton together

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1
Q

Articulation

A

Site where two or more bones meet

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2
Q

Structural Classification of Joint

A

Based on binding material

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3
Q

Functional Classification of Joint

A

Based on amount of movement

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4
Q

Synarthroses

A

immovable joints

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5
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly moveable

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6
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely moveable joints

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7
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue, no joint cavity, most immovable. Three major types of fibrous joints

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8
Q

Sutures

A

Rigid, interlocking joints. Allow for growth during youth. In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse (synostoses) Immovable joints for protection of brain

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9
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Bones connected by ligaments, cords or bands of fibrous tissue. fiber length varies, so movement varies

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10
Q

Gomphoses

A

Rare type of fibrous joint. Peg-in-socket joints only example is teeth in alveolar

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11
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity and not highly movable. Two type are synchonroses and symphases

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12
Q

Synchondroses

A

Bar/plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones, are immovable.

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13
Q

Symphyses

A

Fibrocartilage unites bone, hyaline cartilage is also present as articular cartilage on the bony surface. Strong, flexible amphiarthroses (slightly moveable). Shock Absorber.

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14
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Articulating bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity. All are diarthrotic. Nearly all limb joints and most joints of body fall into this category.

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15
Q

Six Distinguishing features of synovial Joints

A
  1. Articular cartilage
  2. Joint (synovial) Cavity (small, fluid-filled space)
  3. Articular capsule (two layers; external fibrous layer and inner synovial membrane)
  4. Synovial Fluid
  5. Reinforcing Ligaments (capsular, extracapsular or intracapsular)
  6. Nerves and Blood Vessels (detect pain, monitor joint position and stretch)
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16
Q

Bursae

A

Sacs lined with synoival membrane (contains synovial fluid). Reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together. (picture a yoga ball)

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17
Q

Tendon Sheaths

A

similar to bursae, but it wraps around the tendon subjected to friction. elongated bursae.

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18
Q

Nonaxial

A

Slipping movements only

19
Q

Uniaxail

A

movement in mone plane

20
Q

Biaxial

A

Movement in two planes

21
Q

Movements at synovial Joints

A

Gliding, angular movements, rotation and special

22
Q

Gliding Movements

A

one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface. ex. waving. Non-axial movement, gliding.

23
Q

Angular movements

A

Increases or decreases angle between two bones. ex. Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, cirucumduction. nodding would be an example of the first three.

24
Q

Rotation Movement

A

turning of bone around its own long axis. Medial rotation (toward midline), lateral rotation (away from midline). Example would be rotation of humerus and femur.

25
Q

Special Movements

A

Most are movements of a specific joints, supination (turning hand out) and pronation (turning hand in). Dorsiflexion (pull toes up), plantar flexion (pointing toes). Inversion (foot turning inward) eversion (foot turing outward)

26
Q

plane joints

A

nonaxial (bones in hand)

27
Q

HInge joints

A

Uniaxial (elbow)

28
Q

Pivot joints

A

Uniaxial (atlas-axis)

29
Q

Condyloid joints

A

Biaxial (wrist)

30
Q

Knee Joint

A

Most complex joint in the body. Three joints surrounded by a single joint cavity. Contains 6 stabilizing ligaments and at least 12 associated bursae.

31
Q

Knee joint injuries

A

vulnerable to horizontal blows, especially laterally blows to extended knee. Three C’s (collateral ligaments, cruiciate ligaments (torn ACL), cartilages) Happens in sports injuries.

32
Q

Elbow Joint

A

Articulation of the radius and Ulna with the humerus. It’s a hinge Joint. Flexion and extension only. Anular Ligament allows for supination and pronation. Ulnar and Radial collateral ligaments- restrict side-to-side movement.

33
Q

Shoulder Joint

A

Ball and Socket Joint. Head of humerus with glenoid cavity of scapula. Most freely moving joint in the body. Because of this stability is sacrificed. Reinforcing Ligaments -> Coracohumeral ligament and three glenohumeral ligaments. Reinforcing Tendons ->Four rotator cuff tendons encircle the shoulder joint.

34
Q

Hip (coxal) Joint

A

Ball-and-socket Joint. Head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum. Good range of motion, but limited by the deep socket. 4 Reinforcing Ligaments-> Ilofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, Ischiofemoral ligament, Ligamentum Teres.

35
Q

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

A

Mandibular condyle articulates with temporal bone. Two types of movement (hing and gliding). Most easily dislocated joint in the body.

36
Q

Common Joint Injuries

A

cartilage tears, sprains and dislocations (luxations)

37
Q

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of _______

A

hyperextension

38
Q

Fibrous joints are classifed as ________

A

sutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphoses

39
Q

This type of synovial joint is used when you bend your fingers to hang onto a cliff

A

hinge

40
Q

The two main types of joint classification are

A

structure and function

41
Q

a unique feature of synovial joints is

A

a joint cavity

42
Q

what movement has occurred when you bend your fingers to make a fist?

A

flexion

43
Q

what is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along hte frontal plane called?

A

abduction

44
Q

the site where 2 or more bones meets is called an

A

articulation site

45
Q

what are the three structural types of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, gomphoses

46
Q

the viscous egg white consistency of synovial fluid is due to

A

hyaluronic acid

anatomy chapters 6, 7, 8 & 9 (3 decks)

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