Joints

Question 1

What are the three types of joints based on type of connective tissue

Answer 1

Synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous

Question 1

Three types of synarthroses

Answer 1

Gomphosis, syndesmosis (interosseous membranes or ligament), suture (syntosis once fused)

Question 2

3FUNCTIONAL classifications of joints

Answer 2

Synarthrosis (immovable), diarthrosis( movable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)

Question 3

which type of joint contains a “joint space”

Answer 3

synovial

Question 4

a joint that allows little movement

Answer 4

amphiarthrosis / amphiarthrodial

Question 5

a joint that allows no movement

Answer 5

synarthrosis (syndesmosis)

Question 6

a joint that is freely movable

Answer 6

diarthrosis

Question 7

joint type held together by extremely strong connective tissue that permits essentially no joint movement is a fibrous

Answer 7

fibrous

Question 8

joint type that allows minimal movement and is connected by either hyaline or fibrocartilage

Answer 8

cartilaginous

Question 9

3 examples of fibrous joints:

Answer 9

Sutures of the skull, gomghosis (teeth embedded in maxillary and mandibular bones), ligaments such as at distal end of tibia and fibula, interosseus mebranes

Question 10

3 examples of cartilaginous joints

Answer 10

epiphyseal growth plate in children, symphisis pubis, intervertebral disk, manubrium and first rib joint

Question 11

what is the outer most layer of the joint capsule and what it is made of

Answer 11

fibrous membrane/ capsule

Question 12

synovial fluid is secreted by….

Answer 12

synovial membrane (continuous with the hyaline cartilage)

Question 13

what type of tissue is the synovial membrane

Answer 13

areolar CT

Question 14

four components of synovial fluid

Answer 14

water, electrolytes, a few leukocytes, nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, hyaluronic acid (for lubrication)

Question 15

four functions of synovial fluid

Answer 15

lubrication, nutrition, immune, waste removal

Question 16

Extracapsular ligaments prevent what type of movements` (2 terms)

Answer 16

Lateral (side-to-side) stresses (varus/valgus stresses)

Question 17

What are the two extracapsular ligaments? what are they in the knee?

Answer 17

medial collateral ligament (ex: tibial collateral lig) and lateral collateral lig (ex: fibular collateral lig)

Question 18

Intracapsular ligaments prevent what type of movements

Answer 18

anterior- posterior stresses

Question 19

What type of tissue improves bony congruence between the lower femur and tibia and to absorb shock

Answer 19

fibrocarilage pads called the medial and lateral menisci

Question 21

3 structures that have an outer fibrous layer with an inner synovial membrane

Answer 21

joint capsule, bursa, and tendon sheath

Question 22

a conn tissue structure that retains an organ or tissue in place

Answer 22

retinaculum

Question 23

The specific site at which a tendon attaches to a specific bony region is termed

Answer 23

enthesis

Question 24

With what facet does the femur articulate at the hip

Answer 24

acetabulum of the pelvis

Question 25

With what bones does the radius articulate at the wrist

Answer 25

scaphoid and lunate

Question 26

The shoulder ball-and-socket joint

Answer 26

glenohumeral joint

Question 27

With what facet does the humerus articulate at the shoulder

Answer 27

glenoid fossa

Question 28

The three degrees of movement at the shoulder and hip joints

Answer 28

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and internal/external

Question 29

bony articulations that comprise the hinge joint of the elbow

Answer 29

olecranon process (ulna) olecranon fossa (humerus)

Question 30

the one degree freedom of movement and permitted by elbow joint

Answer 30

flexion/extension

Question 31

type of joint which permits on a slight amount of sliding/gliding

Answer 31

plane joint (carpal)

Question 32

The type of joint between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of digits 2-4

Answer 32

condyloid

Question 33

How many degrees freedom are allowed by the condyloid joint and what are they

Answer 33

flexion/extension and abduction/adduction

Question 34

At what articulation can one find a saddle joint

Answer 34

between the trapezium carpal bone and the metacarpal of the thumb

Question 35

what additional degree of freedom is found in a saddle joint

Answer 35

opposition

Question 36

where can one find a pivot joint

Answer 36

radioulnar joint, atlanto-axial joint

Question 37

the radioulnar joint allows what type of movement

Answer 37

supination/pronation

Question 38

The ligament that holds the head of the radius secure against the ulna

Answer 38

annular

Question 39

the knees joint is what type of synovial joint classification

Answer 39

MODIFIED hinge joint (allows internal rotation: stance)

Question 40

which bones articulate in the knee joint

Answer 40

the condyles of the femur with the plateaus (condyles) of the tibia

Question 41

the ankle joint is also called THIS and involves THESE bones

Answer 41

talocrural joint / talus, tibia, fibula

Question 42

what is the joint with the best congruence in the body (and is thus the most stable)

Answer 42

the talocrural joint

Question 43

The SINGLE degree of freedom of movement in the ankle joint allows this motion

Answer 43

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 44

Which joint(s) allow the foot to perform inversion and eversion?

Answer 44

plane joints of the tarsals