Joints! Flashcards
What is a joint?
A point of contact where two bones come together
Why are joints important?
Without joints the human body wouldn’t be able to move
What is the machine analogy?
Wear occurs at the parts of the machine that rub together when the machine is in motion
What are the three classifications of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
What is the articular system?
The joints and surrounding tissues that make movement possible
What are fibrous joints?
Joints bound together tightly by connective tissue, no movement involved
What is an example of a fibrous joint?
The sutures in the skull
What are cartilaginous joints?
Joints that connect bodies of bones
What is an example of cartilaginous joints?
Intervertebral disks
What are synovial joints?
Bony surfaces that are separated by lubricating fluid ( synovial fluid ) and cartilage
These joints are joined by ligaments and allow for the most movement
What is a ligament?
Bands of elastic tissue enclosing ends of articulating bones to form the capsule containing the synovial membrane
What is an example of a synovial joint?
The knee joint
What is osteoarthritis?
The wear and tear of articular cartilage over a long period of time, resulting in the erosion of the articulating bone surfaces
What is bursitis?
The inflammation of the bursa at the friction points between tendons, ligaments & bones
What is a 1st degree sprain?
Few ligament fibres stretched
What is a 2nd degree sprain?
Partially torn ligament fibres
What is a 3rd degree sprain?
Entire ligament almost or fully torn
What is a dislocation?
A bone displaced from its joint
What is a separation?
Torn ligaments causing the bones in the joint to separate
What is articular cartilage?
Located on the ends of bone that come in contact with other bone. Protects the end of the bone and allows for smooth contact surfaces for movement
What is the joint capsule?
A fibrous structure that consists of yhe synovial membrane and fibrous capsule.
What is the synovial membrane?
Allows certain nutrients to pass through the joint capsule
What is the fibrous capsule?
It keeps the synovial fluid from leaking out of the joint capsule
What is the joint cavity?
Located between the articulating bony surfaces, filled with synovial fluid to act as a lubricant for the joint
Why is the synovial fluid essential as part of the joint?
It helps to reduce friction and provides nutrients for the articulating cartilage
What is the bursae?
Small fluid filled sacs found at friction points between tendons, ligament and bones
What are the intrinsic ligaments?
Thick bands of fibrous connective tissues that help thicken and reinforce the joint capsule
What are extrinsic ligaments?
They reinforce for the joint by attaching bones together
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Ligaments attach bone to bone, tendons attach bone to muscle
What are the six types of synovial joints?
Ball and socket, hinge, saddle, pivot, ellipsoid, gliding
What does uni axial mean?
A joint that moves mainly in one plane
What does bi axial mean?
A joint that moves in two planes
What does tri axial mean?
A joint that moves in three planes
What synovial joints are uni axial?
Hinge, gliding and pivot joints
What synovial joints are bi axial ?
Ellipsoid and saddle
What synovial joints are tri axial?
Ball and socket joints
