Joints Flashcards
-synovial joint between sternal end of clavicle & manubrium of sternum, 1st costal cartilage
-saddle joint
-functions as ball & socket
-articular disc (only one connecting upper and axial skeleton) attaches to anterior & posterior sc ligaments (palpable)
Sternoclavicular joint
Strengthens fibrous joint capsule superiorly.
Interclavicular lig
-Anchors the inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle to the 1st rib & costal cartilage (limiting elevation of pectoral girdle)
-clavicle raised to around 60 degrees
Costoclavicular lig
-plane synovial articulation
-formed by lateral part of acromion of scapula & acromion end of clavicle
-articulation surface covered with fibrocartilage (separated by incomplete wedge-shape articular disc)
Acromioclavicular joint (weak sauce)
-fibrous band strengthening the AC joint superiorly between the acromion & clavicle
Superior AC lig
-Maintains AC joint integrity & prevents acromion from being driven under clavicle even when AC joint separates
-breaks into conoid & trapezoid lig
-anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula
-under AC joint
Coracoclavicular lig (strong sauce)
-axioappendicular muscles attach to and move the scapula causing the acromion to move on the clavicle
Physiological scapulothoracic joint
-deepens glenoid cavity of scapula
-fibrocartilaginous ring-like thing
-touch large spherical humeral head (held by rotator cuff, glenohumeral joint
-both surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage
-medial attachment to glenoid cavity
Glenoid labrum
-laterally attached to glenoid labrum
Anatomical neck of the humerus
-labrum attaches it to the long head of biceps brachii within the joint
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
-only part not reinforced by sits (weakest area)
-lax, laying in folds at arm adduction
-taut at arm abduction
Inferior part of joint capsule
-capsular lig strengthening the anterior aspect of the capsule
-no greater movement than this joint (around 3 axes due to laxity)
-flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction
Glenohumeral lig
-a strong band passing from the base of the coracoid process to the anterior aspect of the greater tubercle
-strengthens capsule superiorly
Coracohumeral lig
-broad fibrous band running from the greater to the lesser tubercle
-bridging over the intertubercular sulcus & converting the sulcus into a canal for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii and it’s synovial sheath
Transverse humeral ligament
It spans the Coracoacromial arch formed by inferior aspect of the acromion & coracoid process of the scapula
Coracoacromial lig
Overlies head of the humerus and preventing its superior displacement from the glenoid cavity
Coracoacromial arch
-Containing capillary films of synovial fluid
-near joint where tendons rub against something
Bursae
-Located between acromion, Coracoacromial lig, and deltoid superiorly
-located in the supraspinatus tendon and joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint inferiorly
Subacromial bursa (subdeltoid)
-Located between the tendon of the subscapularis and the neck of the scapula
-protects the tendon where it passes inferior to the root of the coracoid process and over the neck of the scapula
Subscapular bursa
-Commonly injured during repetitive use of the upper limb above the horizontal
-inflammation at avascular area of the supraspinatus tendon due to sits tear
-repetitive arm use cause humeral head and rotator cuff to impinge on the Coracoacromial arch and inflame sits
Sits
-Disabled supraspinatus causes inability to abduct upper limb
-If arm is passively abducted 15 degrees or more, peeps can initiate abduction by leaning or using hip to maintain abduction using the deltoid
Sits tendinitis
-Results from hard fall
-coracoclavicular lig tear causes a shoulder separation from the clavicle and it falls bc of upper limb weight
-dislocation of AC joint makes the acromion more prominent and the clavicle may move superior to the acromion
AC joint dislocation (shoulder separation)
-Occurs in inferior direction anteriorly or posteriorly to the infraglenoid tubercle and the long head of triceps (fibrous layer stripped off glenoid cavity)
-due to excessive extension & lateral rotation of the humerus
Humeral head dislocation
-hard blow to humerus when this joint is fully abducted tilts the head of the humerus inferiorly onto the inferior weak part of the joint capsule (tear capsule)
-inferior pop to glenoid & anterior pop to infraglenoid tubercle (break axillary nerve)
-flexor & adductors pull head anteriorsuperiorly to subcoracoid
Glenohumeral joint blow (inferior part of capsule)
-hinge type of synovial joint
Elbow joint
-Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
-Attached to the annular ligament of the radius
-Holds the radius in the radial notch of the ulna
-forms radioulnar joint, permitting pronation, and supination of forearm
Radial collateral ligament
-extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process & olecranon of the ulna
-bands:
Anterior cord-like (strongest)
Posterior fan-like (weakest)
Oblique deepens trochlea socket
Ulnar collateral ligament
Present in the tendon of triceps brachii
Intratendinous olecranon bursa
-between the olecranon and triceps tendon
Subtendinous olecranon bursa
-in the subcutaneous connective tissue over the olecranon
Subcutaneous olecranon bursa
Pivot type of synovial joint allowing movement of radius on ulna
Proximal radioulnar joint (distal is the same)
-holds the head of radius to radial notch of ulna
Anular lig of the radius
Binds the ends of the ulna & radius in radioulnar joint
A fibrocartilaginous articular disc
Radius rotates around ulna head in cup-shaped anular lig
Pronation & supination of forearm
-Incomplete temporary dislocation of the head of the radius in child with jerked pronated arm
-torn anular lig (attached to radius neck)
-tear trapped between head of the radius & capitulum
-must supinate forearm while flexing elbow for treatment for 2 weeks
Transient subluxation
Joints:
-Wrist (radiocarpal joint)
-The intercarpal
-carpometacarpal
-internetacarpal
Carpus joints
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Proximal interphalangeal joint
Distal interphalangeal joint
Interphalangeal joint (thumb)
Hand joints
