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Anatomy and Physiology 141 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four major categories of Joints?

A

Bony, fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

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2
Q

What is a joint and what its another name for it?

A

Any point where two bones meet is a joint, also called an articulation.

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3
Q

What is arthrology?

A

The science of joint structure, function and dysfunction

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4
Q

What is kinesiology?

A

The study of musculoskeletal movement.

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5
Q

What is another name for a bony joint and what defines what it is?

A

It is also called a synostosis; it is an immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and they become in effect a single bone.

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6
Q

What is another name for a fibrous joint and what defines what it is?

A

It is also called a synarthrosis; It is a point at which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them , and penetrate into the other.

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7
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A

Sutures, Gomphoses, Syndesmosis

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8
Q

What is a Suture

A

Sutures are immobile or only slightly mobile joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each other. They occur nowhere else.

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9
Q

What are the three types of suture? What are the characteristics of each?

A

Serrate: as wavy lines along which the adjoining bones firmly interlock with each other by their serrated margins. (sagittal, lambdoid sutures)
Lap: Two bones have overlapping beveled edges (temporal-parietal junction)
Plane (butt): Two bones have straight nonoverlapping edges. (intermaxilary, roof of the mouth)

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10
Q

What is a Gomphosis (pl. Gomphoses)?

A

The attachment of a tooth to its socket is called a gomphosis

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11
Q

What are Syndesmoses?

A

A fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by relatively long collagenous fibers. More flexible. Ex. Radius/ulna bound by interosseous membrane, also fibula/tibia.

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12
Q

What is another name for a Cartilaginous Joint? What defines it?

A

Amphiarthrosis. In these joints, two bones are linked by cartilage.

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13
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses and symphyses

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14
Q

What is a Synchondroses?

A

A joint in which the bones are joined by Hyaline cartilage. Example is the temporary joint between the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones in a child, or the first rib to the sternum by a hyaline costal cartilage.

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15
Q

What is cartilage?

A

A relatively stiff connective tissues with a flexible rubbery matrix. External ear; nose, Adams apple

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16
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic and Fibrocartilage

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17
Q

What is Hyaline Cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage is named for it’s clear glassy appearance which stems from the usually invisible fineness of its collagen fibers.

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18
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage is named for its conspicuous elastic fibers

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19
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Is noted for its coarse, readily visible bundles of collagen

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20
Q

What is perichondrium

A

A sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that forms a sheath that surrounds elastic cartilage and most hyaline cartilage.

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21
Q

What is a symphysis joint?

A

Two bones are joined by fibrocartilage. Example is the pubic symphysis joining the left and right pubic bones. (joined by the pubic disk, together with the bones it forms the pubic symphysis

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22
Q

What is another name for a synovial joint? What are its characteristics

A

The most familiar and complex joints in the body. Knee, elbow, knuckle

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23
Q

What covers the facing surfaces of synovial joints?

A

Articular Cartilage. A layer of hyaline cartilage up to 2 or 3mm thick. Separated by the joint (articular) cavity containing the slipper lubricant synovial fluid.

24
Q

What encloses the Joint Cavity and retains the fluid?

A

The Joint Capsule, which is made up of the synovial membrane and the fibrous capsule

25
Q

Tendon

A

A strip or sheet of tough collagenous connective tissues that attaches a muscle to a bone

26
Q

Ligament

A

A strip or sheet of collagenous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another.

27
Q

Bursa

A

A fibrous sack of synovial fluid located between adjacent muscles where a tendon passes over a bone or between bone and skin

28
Q

What are the six classes of synovial joints?

A
  1. Ball and Socket
  2. Condylar (ellipsoid)
  3. Saddle Joints
  4. Plane (gliding) joints
  5. Hinge Joints
  6. Pivot Joints
29
Q

Ball and Socket Joints

A

Shoulder and hip Joints onlyl. One bone has a smooth hemispherical head that fits into a cuplike socket

30
Q

Condylar (ellipsoid) Joints

A

These joints exhibit an oval convex surface on one bone that fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other. Radiocarpal joint of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints at the bases of the fingers.

31
Q

Saddle Joints

A

Both bones have a saddle shaped surface - concave in one direction and convex in the other. Trapeziometacarpal Joint between the trapezium of the wrist and metacarpal 1 a t the base of the thumb

32
Q

Plane (gliding) joints

A

The bone surfaces are flat or only slightly concave and convex. Th adjacent bones slide over each other and have relatively limited movement. Between the carpal bones of the wrist, the tarsal bones of the ankle and the articular processes of the vertebrae.

33
Q

Hinge Joints

A

Essentially monaxial joints moving freely in one plane with very little movement in any other like a door hinge. Elbow, knee and interphalangeal (finger and toe) joints

34
Q

Pivot Joints

A

Monaxial joints in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis like a bicycle wheel spinning on its axle. Atlantoaxial joint between the first two vertebrae and the radioulnar joint at the elbow

35
Q

Flexion

A

A movement that decreases a joint angle, usually in the sagittal plane

36
Q

Extension

A

A movement that increases a joint angle, or straightens it. Returns a joint to the zero position

37
Q

Hyperextension

A

Further extension of a joint beyond the zero position

38
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

39
Q

Adduction

A

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline

40
Q

Hyperadduction

A

As when you stand with your ankles crossed, cross your fingers or hyper adduct the shoulder to stand with your elbows straight and your hands clasped below your waist.

41
Q

Elevation

A

A movement that raises a body part vertically in the Frontal plane

42
Q

Depression

A

Lowers a body part in the frontal plane

43
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane.

44
Q

Retraction

A

Posterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane

45
Q

Circumduction

A

One end of an appendage remains fairly stationary while the other end makes a circular motion

46
Q

Rotation

A

A movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis like a bicycle wheel.

47
Q

Supination (forearm)

A

A movement that turns the palm to face the anteriorly or upward

48
Q

Pronation (forearm)

A

Causes the palm to face posteriorly or downward and the radius to cross the ulna like an X

49
Q

What is the Jaw Joint?

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

50
Q

What is the shoulder Joint?

A

glenolumeral Joint

51
Q

What is the Elbow Joint

A

humeroulnar joint

52
Q

Hip Joint

A

Coxal Joint

53
Q

What is the Knee Joint

A

tibiofemoral Joint

54
Q

What is the ankle joint

A

talocrural Joint

55
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology 141 (7 decks)

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