Joints

Question 1

joined by dense fibrous CT, no joint cavity, most immovable (depends on the length of CT fibers)

Answer 1

fibrous joints

Question 2

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 2

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Question 3

3 types of movement that a joint allows

Answer 3

synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (slightly moveable), diarthroses (fully moveable)

Question 4

allow for growth during youth

Answer 4

sutures

Question 5

bones connected by ligaments

Answer 5

syndesmoses

Question 6

peg in socket

Answer 6

gomphoses

Question 7

joined by cartilage, like fibrous joints but no joint cavity

Answer 7

cartilaginous joints

Question 8

joint between sternum and rib, epiphyseal plate

Answer 8

synchondroses

Question 9

fluid filled joint cavity, diarthrotic (fully moveable)

Answer 9

synovial joints

Question 10

lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage, contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes/debris

Answer 10

synovial fluid

Question 11

bags of synovial fluid that acts as lubricating “ball bearings,” reduces friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together

Answer 11

bursae

Question 12

elongated bursae wrapped completely around tendons subjected to friction

Answer 12

tendon sheath

Question 13

What are the factors that influence stability of synovial joints?

Answer 13

shape of articular surface (shallow surfaces less stable than ball and socket), ligament number/location (more ligaments –> stronger joints), muscle tone keeps tendons taut as they cross joints (important in shoulder and knee)

Question 14

diarthrotic is…

Answer 14

fully moveable

Question 15

synarthrotic is…

Answer 15

immovable

Question 16

amphiarthrotic is…

Answer 16

slightly moveable

Question 17

attachment sight to immoveable bone (muscle contraction causes insertion to move toward origin)

Answer 17

origin

Question 18

attachment to movable bone

Answer 18

insertion

Question 19

slipping, plane joint, intercarpal/intertarsal joints

Answer 19

nonaxial motion

Question 20

one plane, hinge joint, pivot joint, flexion/extension/rotation

Answer 20

uniaxial motion

Question 21

two planes, condylar joint, saddle joint, flexion/extension/adduction/abduction

Answer 21

biaxial motion

Question 22

three planes, ball&socket joint, flexion/extension/adduction/abduction/rotation

Answer 22

multiaxial motion

Question 23

decrease angle of joint

Answer 23

flexion

Question 24

increase angle of joint

Answer 24

extension

Question 25

movement beyond anatomical position

Answer 25

hyperextension

Question 26

turning of bone around its own long axis (humerus, femur, between C1&C2 vertebrae)

Answer 26

rotation

Question 27

palms face anteriorly, radius and ulna are parallel (hold soup)

Answer 27

supination

Question 28

palms face posteriorly, radius rotates over ulna

Answer 28

pronation

Question 29

bending foot toward shin

Answer 29

dorsiflexion

Question 30

pointing toes

Answer 30

plantar flexion

Question 31

sole of foot faces medially

Answer 31

inversion

Question 32

sole of foot faces laterally

Answer 32

eversion

Question 33

mandible juts out

Answer 33

protraction

Question 34

mandible pulled toward neck

Answer 34

retraction

Question 35

modified hinge, mandibular condyle articulates with temporal bone, most easily dislocated joint in the body, temporomandibular joint

Answer 35

jaw joint

Question 36

most freely moving joint in the body, tendon of long head of biceps muscle is the "superstabilizer," head of humerus can easily dislocate forward and downward (when humerus is rotated laterally and abducted

Answer 36

shoulder joint

Question 37

4 rotator cuff tendons

Answer 37

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinator, teres minor

Question 38

hinge joint formed primarily from the trochlear notch of ulna articulating with trochlea of humerus

Answer 38

elbow joint

Question 39

What ligament surrounds the radius?

Answer 39

annular ligament

Question 40

good range of motion but limited by the deep socket

Answer 40

hip joint

Question 41

90% of hip dislocations are __________ (leg becomes adducted and internally rotated)

Answer 41

posterior

Question 42

4 reinforcing ligaments of the hip

Answer 42

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, ligament of head of femur (contain artery that supplies blood to head of femur)

Question 43

largest, most complex joint, consists of 3 joints surround by a single cavity (femoropatellar joint, lateral joint, medial joint)

Answer 43

knee

Question 44

plane joint, allows gliding during knee flexion

Answer 44

femoropatellar joint