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anatomy/physiology term 1 > joints > Flashcards

joints Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of a joint?

A

functional junctions between bones

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2
Q

what do joints do?

A

they bind parts of the skeletal system and allow it to move in response to skeletal muscle contractions

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3
Q

what is the functional classification of a immovable joint?

A

synarthroses

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4
Q

what is the functional classification of a slightly moveable joint?

A

amphiarthroses

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5
Q

what is the functional classification of a freely moveable joint?

A

diarthroses

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6
Q

what does syn- mean?

A

together

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7
Q

what does amph- mean?

A

both sides or surrounding

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8
Q

what does dia- mean?

A

through or across

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9
Q

what does articular cartilage do in joints?

A

reduces friction and helps absorb shock

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10
Q

what are the 3 functional classifications of joints?

A

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

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11
Q

what are the 3 structural classifications of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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12
Q

_______ joints lie between bones that are closely connected

A

fibrous

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13
Q

the structural classification of joints that are non moveable

A

fibrous joints

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14
Q

bones in fibrous joints are only separated by __________________

A

dense connective tissue

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15
Q

sutures, gomphosis, and syndesmoses are an example of which type of joint?

A

fibrous joints

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16
Q

where can you find sutures?

A

between skull bones

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17
Q

a cone-shaped peg fits in a socket, or roots of teeth in maxilla and mandible?

A

gomphosis

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18
Q

what is syndesmoses?

A

like a suture, but more fibrous tissue

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19
Q

where are syndemoses found?

A

radius and ulna, tibia and fibula

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20
Q

what are cartilaginous joints?

A

joints connected by hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage

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21
Q

what is the name of a structural joint that allows limited movement?

A

cartilaginous joints

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22
Q

what is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

A

fibrocartilage between vertebrae

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23
Q

synchondrosis and symphysis are types of ____________ joints

A

cartilaginous

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24
Q

what is synchondrosis?

A

hyaline cartilage connecting bones

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25
Q

what is symphysis?

A

broad, flat discs of fibrocartilage

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26
Q

where can you find synchondrosis?

A

epiphyseal plates and 1st rib to sternum

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27
Q

where can you find symphysis?

A

intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis

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28
Q

most joints in the skeletal system are what kind of joints?

A

synovial joints

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29
Q

what is the structural classification of joints that allow free movement?

A

synovial joints

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30
Q

synovial joints contain a cavity filled with ___________

A

synovial fluid

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31
Q

synovial joints feature which kind of cartilage?

A

articular cartilage

32
Q

what does articular cartilage do?

A

absorbs compression forces at joint and prevent ends of bones from being worn down

33
Q

what is a fibrous articular capsule?

A

it is formed by dense irregular CT to withstand pulling in all directions

34
Q

reinforcing ligaments and having nerves and blood vessels is a feature of which joint?

A

synovial joint

35
Q

what are the two structures of a synovial joint?

A

bursae and tendon sheath

36
Q

what is a bursae?

A

a flattened fibrous sac

37
Q

what is a tendon sheath?

A

elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

38
Q

what is a common trait in both bursae and tendon sheath?

A

both further reduce friction at the joint

39
Q

in which way does a hinge joint move?

A

back and forth

40
Q

what kind of body parts are pivot joints?

A

atlas and axis, radius and ulna

41
Q

where is a saddle joint found?

A

in the thumb

42
Q

what is a condyloid joint?

A

an elliptical shaped joint cavity

43
Q

what kind of movement is not possible in a condyloid joint?

A

rotational

44
Q

what is an example of a ball and socket joint?

A

shoulder and hip

45
Q

what kind of movement occurs at a ball and socket joint?

A

movement occurs in all planes

46
Q

what type of surface is a gliding joint?

A

flat surface

47
Q

which type of synovial joint is the least moveable?

A

gliding joint

48
Q

where is a gliding joint found?

A

between carpals, tarsals, and vertebral processes

49
Q

where are condyloid joints found?

A

radius, carpal, metacarpals, phalanges, occipital bone, and atlas

50
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones or parts

51
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones or parts

52
Q

supination

A

to move palm up

53
Q

pronation

A

to move palm down

54
Q

abduction

A

to move away from the midline

55
Q

adduction

A

to move towards the midline

56
Q

circumduction

A

a sequence of movements in which one end inscribes a circle

57
Q

dorsiflexion

A

point toes up

58
Q

plantarflexion

A

point toes down

59
Q

inversion

A

sole of foot facing medially

60
Q

eversion

A

sole of foot facing laterally

61
Q

elevation

A

to raise a part

62
Q

depression

A

to lower a part

63
Q

protraction

A

to move a part forward

64
Q

retraction

A

to move a part backward

65
Q

what are the two types of joint inflammation?

A

bursitis and tendonitis

66
Q

what is bursitis?

A

inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

67
Q

what is tendonitis?

A

inflammation of tendon sheaths or tears in tendon

68
Q

what is a sprain/strain?

A

a torn ligament or tendon

69
Q

what is a dislocation?

A

a bone displaced from socket

70
Q

what are the two types of arthritis?

A

osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

71
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

autoimmune system attacks the joints

72
Q

what symptoms begin with rheumatoid arthritis?

A

inflammation of certain joints, that often lead to deformities

73
Q

what is osteoarthritis?

A

degeneration of articular cartilage

74
Q

what is osteoarthritis related to?

A

normal aging process

75
Q

what is the most common type of arthritis?

A

osteoarthritis

anatomy/physiology term 1 (4 decks)

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