Joints Flashcards
What is a joint defined as?
- Anywhere in the body where adjacent bones/cartilages meet.
- When to or more bones come together
What are the 3 different types of joints?
- Fibrous Joints
- Cartilaginous Joints
- Synovial joints
What are can SYNOVIAL JOINTS sub-categorised as?
- Uniaxial
- Biaxial
- Multiaxial
What are the definitions and examples for the following:
- Uniaxial
- Biaxial
- Multiaxial
- Uniaxial = One plane of movement (e.g. elbow joint - Flexion/Extension)
- Biaxial = More than one plane of movement (e.g. Knee Joint - Flexion/Extension & slight rotation)
- Multiaxial = Complete all three planes (e.g. Hip & Shoulder - Flexion/extension, Adduction and Abduction and internal & external rotations)
What is the continuum for joints in terms of mobility and stability.
Very stable to No stability: Very mobile to No mobility:
- Fibrous Joints 1. Synovial Joints
- Cartilaginous Joints 2. Cartilaginous Joints
- Synovial Joints 3. Fibrous Joints
Important facts for FIBROUS JOINTS & example
- No mobility
- Very strong bond between bones
- Often protect organs
e.g. Skull
Important facts for CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS & example
- Limited mobility
- shock absorbers
e.g. Pubic Symphysis
Important facts for SYNOVIAL JOINTS & example
- Very mobile
- Often located within the appendicular skeleton
- Able to move in 1, 2, or 3 planes
e.g. ball and socket joints - Hip or shoulder
what is the layout and keywords when looking at Synovial joints
- Synovial membrane = Production for synovial fluid and lining of the joint
- Joint Capsule = stabilises joint & Helps to distribute the mechanical load on the joint
- Hyaline Cartilage = Provides cushioning to minimise friction of bones (contains 2 types of collage that are resistance to compressive forces
- Joint cavity/Synovial Fluid = This is the space between the 2 bones, filled with synovial fluid, there to lubricate the joint and act as a shock absorber.
What are different types of synovial joints?
- Ball and socket
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Saddle
- Condylar
- Plane
What are the two types of joint movements (arthrokinematics)
- Physiological
2. Accessory
What are the definitions of physiological and Accessory joint movements?
Physiological = Movement at a joint that can be performed actively by an individual.
Accessory = Movement around a joint that cant be pe performed in isolation e.g. Roll, Spin & Glide
What is a convex surface?
Usually a roughly rounded end (curved)
What is a Concave surface?
Surface that is curved inwards (like the letter C)
What is the CONVEX/CONCAVE rule?
- The direction of accessory glides occur at a joint depend on whether the moving bone is convex or concave.
