Joints Flashcards
What are the types of joints
Synarthrodial joints and Diarthrodial joints
Explain Synarthrodial joints
Not moving or very little movement
What are the two types of Synarthrodial joints and give expamples
Fibrous - connected by fibrous tissue to provide stability E.g. Distal tibiofibular, radius and ulna ligaments
Cartilaginous - these have small movements E.g. pubic symphysis or sternum
Explain Diarthrodial joints
Main purpose is movement, ends of these bones are capped with hyaline cartilage. Enclosed within a synovial membrane and allow a range of movement
What are the types of joint movements
Uniaxial, Biaxial, Triaxial
Explain Uniaxial and give an example
One plane of movement or degree of movement
Hinge joints: Elbow
Pivot joints: Top of the neck, 1st and 2nd vertebra
Explain Biaxial and give an example
Two planes of movement or degrees of movement
Condyloid joints: Knee
Saddle: First carpometacarpal joint
Flex and extend, abduction and adduction: Fingers
Explain Triaxial and give an example
Three planes of movement or degrees of movement
Ball and socket joint: hip, shoulder
Plane / gliding joints: carpal
What are the three types of cartilage
White fibrocartilage - Bonding cement between joints
Yellow elastic cartilage - Flexible (ear)
Hyaline cartilage - Ends of bones, Smooth, low-friction surface
Briefly explain Ligaments
Tough bands of connective tissue, connect bones across the joint, reinforcement to the joint capsule, allow certain movements restrict others, blood blood supply so takes a long time to heal
Briefly explain tendons
Connect muscle to bone, great strength, withstand stresses generated by muscle contractions
Briefly explain Muscles
Main purpose to produce force, two types; striated and non-striated, Contracts in response to chemical stimulation
