Joint stock companies

Question 1

Joint-Stock Companies (JSCs)

Answer 1

Companies with capital divided into shares, which can be transferred or traded.

Question 2

Minimum share capital

Answer 2

Often higher than LLCs, e.g., EUR 25,000.

Question 3

Shareholders’ liability

Answer 3

Limited to their contributions.

Question 4

Shares may be

Answer 4

publicly traded (listed on stock exchanges) or privately held

Question 5

Governed by

Answer 5

general meetings, a board of directors, and/or censors.

Question 6

Use Case

Answer 6

Suitable for large-scale operations requiring substantial capital.