joint infection

Question 1

septic arthritis- clinical presentation

Answer 1

new onset joint pain (atraumatic)
hot, red swollen joint (effusion)
reduced ROM
fever, sepsis

Question 2

septic arthritis- source of infection

Answer 2

new onset joint pain (atraumatic)
hot, red swollen joint (effusion)
reduced ROM
fever, sepsis

Question 3

septic arthritis- pathogens

Answer 3

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococci

Enterobacteriaceae (“coliforms”)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Children
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Kingella kingae
Haemophilus influenzae type b (now less common, due to immunisation)

Question 4

osteomyelitis

Answer 4

Anatomical type
stage 1 (medullary)
stage 2 (superficial)
stage 3 (localised)
stage 4 (diffuse)

Question 5

osteomyelitis- clinical presentation

Answer 5

Wound over open fracture

Draining sinus / fistula

Probe-to-bone test

No wound but swelling and bone tenderness

Fever / rigors / sepsis

Question 6

native vertebral osteomyelitis

Answer 6

Clinical presentation
Back pain / fever / raised inflammatory markers
Bloodstream infection or infective endocarditis
Fever and new neurological symptoms